Work Break-down Structure - Revision history

He Fan: /* WBS elements */

2021-02-25T11:32:45Z

WBS elements

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	==== WBS elements ====		==== WBS elements ====
	In fact, WBS elements are "nodes" in WBS structure. From the form of expression, they are "boxes" in "organizational chart". These boxes represent independent deliverables with the subordinate or superior relationship. After decades of development, most organizations prefer that the WBS structure be necessarily related to the project objectives and must be oriented to the final product or deliverables, so the WBS element is more suitable to describe the composition of the output product.<ref name=''four''> ''Effective Work Breakdown Structures. Gregory T. Haugan. Management Concepts Press 2001.'' </ref>		In fact, WBS elements are "nodes" in WBS structure. From the form of expression, they are "boxes" in "organizational chart". These boxes represent independent deliverables with the subordinate or superior relationship. After decades of development, most organizations prefer that the WBS structure be necessarily related to the project objectives and must be oriented to the final product or deliverables, so the WBS element is more suitable to describe the composition of the output product.<ref name="four"> ''Effective Work Breakdown Structures. Gregory T. Haugan. Management Concepts Press 2001.'' </ref>
	It is obvious that different organizations and cultures use different methods, procedures and resources to complete the same structure work, but their destination must be the same and meet the specified requirements. On the one hand, by considering every WBS element as a unique deliverable can we control and manage the project most effectively. On the other hand, only by identifying the deliverables can we clarify the methods, procedures and resources used by internal or external organizations to complete the work. The lowest level of element in WBS is called work packages.		It is obvious that different organizations and cultures use different methods, procedures and resources to complete the same structure work, but their destination must be the same and meet the specified requirements. On the one hand, by considering every WBS element as a unique deliverable can we control and manage the project most effectively. On the other hand, only by identifying the deliverables can we clarify the methods, procedures and resources used by internal or external organizations to complete the work. The lowest level of element in WBS is called work packages.


	==== Work packages ====		==== Work packages ====

He Fan: /* Definition */

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Definition

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	== Big ideas ==		== Big ideas ==
	=== Definition ===		=== Definition ===
	Work breakdown structure (WBS) is an effective tool in project management and systems engineering which considers deliverables as the key elements of a structure. The structure decomposes the project into different levels and each lower level defines a more detailed project work. The department and staff are divided into groups according to the work packages in WBS.<ref name=''three''> ''Glossary of Defense Acquisition Acronyms and Terms: Contract Work Breakdown Structure (CWBS). Defense Acquisition University. Retrieved 19 September 2017.'' </ref>		Work breakdown structure (WBS) is an effective tool in project management and systems engineering which considers deliverables as the key elements of a structure. The structure decomposes the project into different levels and each lower level defines a more detailed project work. The department and staff are divided into groups according to the work packages in WBS.<ref name="three"> ''Glossary of Defense Acquisition Acronyms and Terms: Contract Work Breakdown Structure (CWBS). Defense Acquisition University. Retrieved 19 September 2017.'' </ref>

	WBS consist of three key elements. Work is the task that can produce tangible results; breakdown is the hierarchical structure of gradual subdivision and classification; the structure is to organize each part according to a certain pattern.		WBS consist of three key elements. Work is the task that can produce tangible results; breakdown is the hierarchical structure of gradual subdivision and classification; the structure is to organize each part according to a certain pattern.

	=== History ===		=== History ===
	In 1957, the U.S. Navy’s Fleet Ballistic Missile Program occurred a heavy schedule delay. The team tried to solve the problem and developed a form to define tasks and organize activities needed for a project on the basis of deliverables, which became known as PERT (program evaluation and review technique).		In 1957, the U.S. Navy’s Fleet Ballistic Missile Program occurred a heavy schedule delay. The team tried to solve the problem and developed a form to define tasks and organize activities needed for a project on the basis of deliverables, which became known as PERT (program evaluation and review technique).

He Fan: /* Abstract */

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Abstract

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	Successful project management depends heavily on the ability of project managers to determine the content and scope of project work according to the characteristics of project products (deliverable) and activities. WBS can analyze the project process comprehensively and systematically, and it is also a very effective basic method of project management.		Successful project management depends heavily on the ability of project managers to determine the content and scope of project work according to the characteristics of project products (deliverable) and activities. WBS can analyze the project process comprehensively and systematically, and it is also a very effective basic method of project management.

	Work breakdown structure (WBS) is a principle of project management that arranges project elements based on the deliverables instead of a schedule activity. which summarizes and defines the whole scope of work of the project, and each descending level represents a more detailed definition of the project work. WBS is always at the center of the planning process, and it is also an important basis for making progress plans, resource requirements, cost budgets, risk management plans, and procurement plans. <ref name="one"> ''Standard for Risk Management in Portfolios, Programs, and Projects, Project management institute 2019''</ref>. WBS is also an important basis for controlling project changes. The key process for building a WBS is to disintegrate the assignments into an amount of light workload and distribute it to every individual who is considered as a participant. <ref name=''two''> ''Project Management: A guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK guide), 6th Edition (2017)'' </ref>		Work breakdown structure (WBS) is a principle of project management that arranges project elements based on the deliverables instead of a schedule activity. which summarizes and defines the whole scope of work of the project, and each descending level represents a more detailed definition of the project work. WBS is always at the center of the planning process, and it is also an important basis for making progress plans, resource requirements, cost budgets, risk management plans, and procurement plans. <ref name="one"> ''Standard for Risk Management in Portfolios, Programs, and Projects, Project management institute 2019''</ref>. WBS is also an important basis for controlling project changes. The key process for building a WBS is to disintegrate the assignments into an amount of light workload and distribute it to every individual who is considered as a participant. <ref name="two"> ''Project Management: A guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK guide), 6th Edition (2017)'' </ref>



	== Big ideas ==		== Big ideas ==

He Fan: /* Structure type */

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Structure type

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	*Contract WBS		*Contract WBS
	Contract work breakdown structure is a work breakdown structure applicable to specific contract or procurement activities. CWBS summarizes the tasks of the project, determines the relationship among these tasks, the organizational structure and the technical status of the project. It also clarifies the logical constraint framework for the relationship between the performance, technical objectives, progress and cost of the project. The work breakdown structure of the contract shall be consistent with the levels specified in the contract. The contract should indicate at which level of the contract the cost is accumulated. Then the contractor shall have the ability to trace the accumulated cost by extending the level of contract WBS.		Contract work breakdown structure is a work breakdown structure applicable to specific contract or procurement activities. CWBS summarizes the tasks of the project, determines the relationship among these tasks, the organizational structure and the technical status of the project. It also clarifies the logical constraint framework for the relationship between the performance, technical objectives, progress and cost of the project. The work breakdown structure of the contract shall be consistent with the levels specified in the contract. The contract should indicate at which level of the contract the cost is accumulated. Then the contractor shall have the ability to trace the accumulated cost by extending the level of contract WBS.
	[[File:WBS_template.PNG‎ \|thumb\|center\|650px\|Figure 2: A template of WBS ]]		[[File:WBS_template.PNG‎ \|thumb\|center\|650px\|Figure 2: A template of WBS <ref name="two"></ref>]]

	=== Main uses ===		=== Main uses ===

He Fan: /* WBS dictionary */

2021-02-25T11:29:47Z

WBS dictionary

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	For WBS, it is necessary to establish a WBS dictionary to describe each work part. WBS dictionary usually includes information such as work package description, schedule date, cost budget, and personnel allocation. The main application of the WBS dictionary is to define the work in detail to help create the product that will be obtained with the execution of the project. Work Packages represent the list of tasks in order to produce the particular unit of work. When WBS and OBS are used together, a coding system should be established. The coding scheme is the coding system used to uniquely determine each unit of the project work breakdown structure. Costs and resources are allocated to this coding structure. Used correctly, the WBS Dictionary becomes much more than a document that describes the work. It becomes a project kaleidoscope that allows you to look at your project data in an infinite number of ways.		For WBS, it is necessary to establish a WBS dictionary to describe each work part. WBS dictionary usually includes information such as work package description, schedule date, cost budget, and personnel allocation. The main application of the WBS dictionary is to define the work in detail to help create the product that will be obtained with the execution of the project. Work Packages represent the list of tasks in order to produce the particular unit of work. When WBS and OBS are used together, a coding system should be established. The coding scheme is the coding system used to uniquely determine each unit of the project work breakdown structure. Costs and resources are allocated to this coding structure. Used correctly, the WBS Dictionary becomes much more than a document that describes the work. It becomes a project kaleidoscope that allows you to look at your project data in an infinite number of ways.

	[[File:WBS_dictionary.PNG‎ \|thumb\|center\|400px\|Figure 1: A example of WBS dictionary ]]		[[File:WBS_dictionary.PNG‎ \|thumb\|center\|400px\|Figure 1: A example of WBS dictionary <ref name="one"></ref>]]

	==== WBS elements ====		==== WBS elements ====

He Fan at 11:29, 25 February 2021

2021-02-25T11:29:18Z

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	[[File:WBS_template.PNG‎ \|thumb\|center\|650px\|Figure 2: A template of WBS ]]		[[File:WBS_template.PNG‎ \|thumb\|center\|650px\|Figure 2: A template of WBS ]]

			=== Main uses ===
			WBS has four main uses:
			#WBS is a planning and design tool to describe ideas. It helps project managers and project teams to identify and effectively manage project work.
			#WBS is a structure design tool that can clearly show the relationship between the work of each project.
			#WBS is a planning tool that shows the whole picture of the project and specifies the work that must be done to complete the project.
			#WBS defines milestone events, which can report project completion status to senior management and customers as a reporting tool for project status.

			WBS is a group of project elements oriented to project deliverables. These elements define and organize the overall scope of work of the project, and the work not included in WBS does not belong to the scope of the project. Each subordinate of WBS represents a more detailed definition and description of project work.

			Prevent missing project deliverables. Help project managers focus on project objectives and clarify responsibilities. Establish visual project deliverables to estimate workload and allocate work. Help improve the accuracy of time, cost and resource estimates. Help build a project team and get a commitment from project staff. Define a benchmark for performance measurement and project control. Clear responsibilities to assist communication. Establish a framework for other project planning. Help analyze the initial risks of the project.
	== Application ==		== Application ==
	=== Rules of task decomposition ===		=== Rules of task decomposition ===
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	As the final date of customer requirements is determined, the services to be provided should be decomposed one by one from the back to the front, and finally a work structure decomposed by time node is obtained.		As the final date of customer requirements is determined, the services to be provided should be decomposed one by one from the back to the front, and finally a work structure decomposed by time node is obtained.

	~~=== Main uses ===~~
	~~WBS has four main uses:~~
	~~#WBS is a planning and design tool to describe ideas. It helps project managers and project teams to identify and effectively manage project work.~~
	~~#WBS is a structure design tool which can clearly show the relationship between the work of each project.~~
	~~#WBS is a planning tool that shows the whole picture of the project and specifies the work that must be done to complete the project.~~
	~~#WBS defines milestone events, which can report project completion status to senior management and customers as a reporting tool for project status.~~

	WBS is a group of project elements oriented to project deliverables. These elements define and organize the overall scope of work of the project, and the work not included in WBS does not belong to the scope of the project. Each subordinate of WBS represents a more detailed definition and description of project work.

	Prevent missing project deliverables. Help project managers focus on project objectives and clarify responsibilities. Establish visual project deliverables to estimate workload and allocate work. Help improve the accuracy of time, cost and resource estimates. Help build a project team and get a commitment from project staff. Define a benchmark for performance measurement and project control. Clear responsibilities to assist communication. Establish a framework for other project planning. Help analyze the initial risks of the project.

	=== Key benefits ===		== Key benefits ==
	（1） It can provide more effective control for work definition.		（1） It can provide more effective control for work definition.

He Fan: /* Annotated Bibliography */

2021-02-21T12:19:20Z

Annotated Bibliography

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	# This is a standard textbook of project management that provides detailed information. It helps develop your perspective and approach as a project manager and introduces a variety of tools and methods you can use in the application.		# This is a standard textbook of project management that provides detailed information. It helps develop your perspective and approach as a project manager and introduces a variety of tools and methods you can use in the application.
	# Contract WBS is a developed form of WBS and this book have full knowledge of Contract WBS that could help you become an expert in this field.		# Contract WBS is a developed form of WBS and this book have full knowledge of Contract WBS that could help you become an expert in this field.
	#		# The key factor of a successful WBS is the project manager"s understanding of the project, this book could help to analyze the current situation of a project and how to create a corresponding and effective WBS on it.

He Fan: /* Annotated Bibliography */

2021-02-21T12:13:00Z

Annotated Bibliography

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	==Annotated Bibliography==		==Annotated Bibliography==
	# This book helps readers understand some potential problems that may arise in the Portfolios, Programs, and Projects, and explains in detail how to deal with them. WBS is also a part of this book that explains the basic concept and application of the project.		# This book helps readers understand some potential problems that may arise in the Portfolios, Programs, and Projects, and explains in detail how to deal with them. WBS is also a part of this book that explains the basic concept and application of the project.
	# ~~Project Management Institute(PMI)~~. ~~(2005) "Practice Standard for Earned Value Management"~~		# This is a standard textbook of project management that provides detailed information. It helps develop your perspective and approach as a project manager and introduces a variety of tools and methods you can use in the application.
	~~#Aliverdi, R., Moslemi Naeni, L., & Salehipour, A. (2013). Monitoring~~ project ~~duration~~ and ~~cost in~~ a ~~construction project by applying statistical quality control charts. International Journal~~ of ~~Project Management, 31(3), 411–423. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijproman.2012~~.~~08.005~~		# Contract WBS is a developed form of WBS and this book have full knowledge of Contract WBS that could help you become an expert in this field.
	# ~~Hadian, H., & Rahimifard, A. (2019). Multivariate statistical control chart~~ and ~~process capability indices for simultaneous monitoring~~ of ~~project duration and cost~~. ~~Computers and Industrial Engineering, 130(March), 788–797. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cie.2019.03.021~~		#

He Fan: /* Annotated Bibliography */

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Annotated Bibliography

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	<references />		<references />
	==Annotated Bibliography==		==Annotated Bibliography==
	# This book helps readers understand some potential problems that may arise in the ~~project~~, and explains in detail how to deal with them		# This book helps readers understand some potential problems that may arise in the Portfolios, Programs, and Projects, and explains in detail how to deal with them. WBS is also a part of this book that explains the basic concept and application of the project.
	# Project Management Institute(PMI). (2005) "Practice Standard for Earned Value Management"		# Project Management Institute(PMI). (2005) "Practice Standard for Earned Value Management"
	#Aliverdi, R., Moslemi Naeni, L., & Salehipour, A. (2013). Monitoring project duration and cost in a construction project by applying statistical quality control charts. International Journal of Project Management, 31(3), 411–423. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijproman.2012.08.005		#Aliverdi, R., Moslemi Naeni, L., & Salehipour, A. (2013). Monitoring project duration and cost in a construction project by applying statistical quality control charts. International Journal of Project Management, 31(3), 411–423. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijproman.2012.08.005
	# Hadian, H., & Rahimifard, A. (2019). Multivariate statistical control chart and process capability indices for simultaneous monitoring of project duration and cost. Computers and Industrial Engineering, 130(March), 788–797. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cie.2019.03.021		# Hadian, H., & Rahimifard, A. (2019). Multivariate statistical control chart and process capability indices for simultaneous monitoring of project duration and cost. Computers and Industrial Engineering, 130(March), 788–797. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cie.2019.03.021

He Fan: /* Annotated Bibliography */

2021-02-21T11:59:17Z

Annotated Bibliography

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	<references />		<references />
	==Annotated Bibliography==		==Annotated Bibliography==
	# ~~Project Management: A guide~~ to ~~the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK guide) 6th Edition (2017)~~		# This book helps readers understand some potential problems that may arise in the project, and explains in detail how to deal with them
	# Project Management Institute(PMI). (2005) "Practice Standard for Earned Value Management"		# Project Management Institute(PMI). (2005) "Practice Standard for Earned Value Management"
	#Aliverdi, R., Moslemi Naeni, L., & Salehipour, A. (2013). Monitoring project duration and cost in a construction project by applying statistical quality control charts. International Journal of Project Management, 31(3), 411–423. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijproman.2012.08.005		#Aliverdi, R., Moslemi Naeni, L., & Salehipour, A. (2013). Monitoring project duration and cost in a construction project by applying statistical quality control charts. International Journal of Project Management, 31(3), 411–423. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijproman.2012.08.005
	# Hadian, H., & Rahimifard, A. (2019). Multivariate statistical control chart and process capability indices for simultaneous monitoring of project duration and cost. Computers and Industrial Engineering, 130(March), 788–797. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cie.2019.03.021		# Hadian, H., & Rahimifard, A. (2019). Multivariate statistical control chart and process capability indices for simultaneous monitoring of project duration and cost. Computers and Industrial Engineering, 130(March), 788–797. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cie.2019.03.021