Vico in digital environment - Revision history

Tkokotas at 15:31, 16 November 2018

2018-11-16T15:31:57Z

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			''Developed by Nikolaj Justsen''

	==Abstract==		==Abstract==
	As the present situation is in the building industry, there is an ongoing tendency that building projects are getting more complex, this results in more detailed project descriptions from the building owner. This have created a big desire for trying and move the industry towards a 100 % digital environment, where all buildings are constructed directly from the 3D model.		As the present situation is in the building industry, there is an ongoing tendency that building projects are getting more complex, this results in more detailed project descriptions from the building owner. This have created a big desire for trying and move the industry towards a 100 % digital environment, where all buildings are constructed directly from the 3D model.
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	But to be able to manage these highly complex building projects, it is necessary for the project team to have a software tool that can help organize and manage the increased flow of information and degree of details as the project progresses.		But to be able to manage these highly complex building projects, it is necessary for the project team to have a software tool that can help organize and manage the increased flow of information and degree of details as the project progresses.

	When doing procurement on a building project. The contractor have to deliver a payment plan over the project. To do that the contractor traditionally sits down and calculate the ~~amount~~ of quantities within the different building tasks eg. A column. This will then be compare with the schedule to know when the building objects should be produced from the supplier and send to the construction site, to ensure that the object are delivered on time.		When doing procurement on a building project. The contractor have to deliver a payment plan over the project. To do that the contractor traditionally sits down and calculate the number of quantities within the different building tasks eg. A column. This will then be compare with the schedule to know when the building objects should be produced from the supplier and send to the construction site, to ensure that the object are delivered on time.

	But as the payment plan and main schedule are made before the project are in the construction phase, this will often result in the payment plan and main schedule will be revised a certain number of times. In the construction industry project modifications is estimated to almost 10% <ref name=MTH/>. of the total building cost. Therefore it is highly necessary that the project team have a tool that can help creating new procurement when there is a change in the project description.		But as the payment plan and main schedule are made before the project are in the construction phase, this will often result in the payment plan and main schedule will be revised a certain number of times. In the construction industry project modifications is estimated to almost 10% <ref name=MTH/>. of the total building cost. Therefore it is highly necessary that the project team have a tool that can help creating new procurement when there is a change in the project description.

Nikolajj: /* Administer procurement */

2018-02-28T18:11:57Z

Administer procurement

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	'''Tools & Techniques'''		'''Tools & Techniques'''
	As previously stated Vico is software based tool, that help managing different processes in a construction project. One of the tools and techniques for administer the procurements will be described in the next section, of how the application of procurement can be done in Vico		As previously stated Vico is software based tool, that help managing different processes in a construction project. One of the tools and techniques for administer the procurements will be described in the next section, of how the application of procurement can be done in Vico. As illustrated in figure 4. there are 7 different Tools/techniques. Vico are a connection of ''Contract Change Control System'', ''Payment Systems'', ''Records Management System''

	==Applications==		==Applications==

Nikolajj: /* Administer procurement */

2018-02-28T18:07:33Z

Administer procurement

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	'''Inputs'''		'''Inputs'''
	As illustrated in figure 4, the input from last process will ensure the project team a good foundation for administering the procurements during the construction phase. The procurement documents, project management plan, and the contracts itself Is the inputs from the conducting process. The performance report, is done by the supplier continuously as the construction project progresses. The report contains a list of both delivered and not delivered objects. Approved change request will be necessary for the project team if the building owner has a change request for the project and there by a change in the contract. If a change is made this shall be documented and signed by both parts before the work is carried out. Work Performance information gives the project team information about the quality of the delivered object. This can be done by making supervision on the delivered object.		As illustrated in figure 4, the input from last process will ensure the project team a good foundation for administering the procurements during the construction phase. The procurement documents, project management plan, and the contracts itself Is the inputs from the conducting process. The performance report, is done by the supplier continuously as the construction project progresses. The report contains a list of both delivered and not delivered objects. Approved change request will be necessary for the project team if the building owner has a change request for the project and there by a change in the contract. If a change is made this shall be documented and signed by both parts before the work is carried out. Work Performance information gives the project team information about the quality of the delivered object. This can be done by making supervision on the delivered object.

			'''Tools & Techniques'''
			As previously stated Vico is software based tool, that help managing different processes in a construction project. One of the tools and techniques for administer the procurements will be described in the next section, of how the application of procurement can be done in Vico

	==Applications==		==Applications==

Nikolajj: /* Administer procurement */

2018-02-28T18:02:07Z

Administer procurement

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	'''Inputs'''		'''Inputs'''
	As illustrated in figure 4 the inputs for ~~administrating~~ the		As illustrated in figure 4, the input from last process will ensure the project team a good foundation for administering the procurements during the construction phase. The procurement documents, project management plan, and the contracts itself Is the inputs from the conducting process. The performance report, is done by the supplier continuously as the construction project progresses. The report contains a list of both delivered and not delivered objects. Approved change request will be necessary for the project team if the building owner has a change request for the project and there by a change in the contract. If a change is made this shall be documented and signed by both parts before the work is carried out. Work Performance information gives the project team information about the quality of the delivered object. This can be done by making supervision on the delivered object.

	==Applications==		==Applications==

Nikolajj: /* Applications */

2018-02-28T18:01:32Z

Applications

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	*''Activity resources''; To any task or quantities from the extract from the schedule that figure as a procurement, the project team can add what types of recourses that are necessary for that specific procurement		*''Activity resources''; To any task or quantities from the extract from the schedule that figure as a procurement, the project team can add what types of recourses that are necessary for that specific procurement
	*''Contract types''; To any task the project team can enter how the contract type is and how the payment will be done for that specific procurement. This will be reflected in the Cost Performance Baseline.		*''Contract types''; To any task the project team can enter how the contract type is and how the payment will be done for that specific procurement. This will be reflected in the Cost Performance Baseline.
	*''Cost estimates''; To any task extracted from the schedule the project team can add the cost connected to the procurements necessary for completing the task. This ~~Creates~~ will help the project team creating a list for the contract awards.		*''Cost estimates''; To any task extracted from the schedule the project team can add the cost connected to the procurements necessary for completing the task. This will help the project team creating a list for the contract awards.
	*''Cost performance baseline''. When schedule, contract type and cost estimates are done, Vico automatically creates the cost performance through the entire construction period. Here the project team can see when they must pay the supplier and when they must get payed by the building owner. Further this can be used to find the given time for a procurement to be set into production to be delivered on time.		*''Cost performance baseline''. When schedule, contract type and cost estimates are done, Vico automatically creates the cost performance through the entire construction period. Here the project team can see when they must pay the supplier and when they must get payed by the building owner. Further this can be used to find the given time for a procurement to be set into production to be delivered on time.

Nikolajj: /* Conduct procurement */

2018-02-28T18:01:05Z

Conduct procurement

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	'''Input'''		'''Input'''

	From the planning procurement (section 2.1) the given outputs will now figure as the inputs for conducting the procurement. This is the result from the combination of the inputs in 2.1 and the used tools and techniques that gives the inputs as shown in figure 3. The given inputs ~~will~~ now be analysed through different tools and techniques to give the project team a good foundation for closing the procurements.		From the planning procurement (section 2.1) the given outputs will now figure as the inputs for conducting the procurement. This is the result from the combination of the inputs in 2.1 and the used tools and techniques that gives the inputs as shown in figure 3. The given inputs shall now be analysed through different tools and techniques to give the project team a good foundation for closing the procurements.

	'''Tools & Technique'''		'''Tools & Technique'''

	Before the project team can close the procurements, the following technique and tools can be used for conducting procurements and finding the right supplier; ''Bidder conferences'' is a technique very commonly used. Here the buyers invite ~~the~~ all the different suppliers to ensure ~~that~~ the suppliers have a common insight of the task. Further it gives the opportunity for the supplier to ask questions. ''Proposal Evaluation Technique'' is not a common technique and Is mostly used during complicated procurements. The evaluation will be established trough the supplier responses to the criteria's described in the planning processes. ''Independent Estimates'' can be used by the project team, to do an internal estimate on the procurements. If there is big difference in the estimate ~~mate~~ internal compared to the supplier estimate, it can be a warning sign that the SOW was inefficient or that the suppliers does not understand the procurement. If this is the case the project shall revise the SOW. ''Expert judgement'' can be used by the project team to have an expert to evaluate the procurement. Most likely this consist of a team with different expertise's to give a broad review on the procurement documents. Advertising is a common technique for the project team to try a get a broader range of suppliers, but important for the team to check any jurisdictions from the government. ''Procurement negotiations'' is done between the buyer and supplier and helps clarify the needs and requirements for the procurement. This is done so the parts can agree before the actual signing of the contract		Before the project team can close the procurements, the following technique and tools can be used for conducting procurements and finding the right supplier; ''Bidder conferences'' is a technique very commonly used. Here the buyers invite all the different suppliers to ensure the suppliers have a common insight of the task. Further it gives the opportunity for the supplier to ask questions on specific problems. ''Proposal Evaluation Technique'' is not a common technique and is mostly used during complicated procurements. The evaluation will be established trough the supplier responses to the criteria's described in the planning processes. ''Independent Estimates'' can be used by the project team, to do an internal estimate on the procurements. If there is big difference in the estimate made internal compared to the supplier estimate, it can be a warning sign that the SOW was inefficient or that the suppliers does not understand the procurement. If this is the case the project shall revise the SOW. ''Expert judgement'' can be used by the project team to have an expert to evaluate the procurement. Most likely this consist of a team with different expertise's to give a broad review on the procurement documents. Advertising is a common technique for the project team to try a get a broader range of suppliers, but important for the team to check any jurisdictions from the government. ''Procurement negotiations'' is done between the buyer and supplier and helps clarify the needs and requirements for the procurement. This is done so the parts can agree before the actual signing of the contract

	'''Outputs'''		'''Outputs'''

Nikolajj: /* Plan procurement */

2018-02-28T17:51:32Z

Plan procurement

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	'''Input'''		'''Input'''
	''Scope baseline'' this gives a basic understanding on the specific requirements and criteria for the given project. ''Requirements documentation'' shall include which criteria's there have been discussed through the planning of the project. ''Teaming Agreements'' sets the boundaries for the arrangements between the parts in the project. This will help decide the roles between the building owner and the supplier. ''Risk register'' involves information associated to the identified risks which leads to the next input. ''Risk contract decision'' here the parts shall make different contracts including aspects such as insurance, this ensure each project team know their responsibilities. ''Activity resource'' requirements here the project team shall include individual requirements for the task. ''Project schedule'' here the project team shall include the time schedule for the construction, this will ensure that object is bought, produced and delivered on time. ''Activity cost estimates'' this is done for the project team to be able to evaluate the different solutions given from the suppliers. ''Cost performance baseline'' this together with the time schedule makes it possible for the project team to get overview of the present planned budget through the construction period. ''Enterprise environmental'' factors is focusing on the surrounding conditions, such as products that are available, how the supplier have performed in earlier construction project. This ensure a reliable supplier and makes sure that the given object is on the market at the needed time. ''Organisational process assets'' will ensure that if the organization itself, have a policy or guidelines that must be followed~~. If this is not the situation there can be created systems based on earlier projects~~.		''Scope baseline'' this gives a basic understanding on the specific requirements and criteria for the given project. ''Requirements documentation'' shall include which criteria's there have been discussed through the planning of the project. ''Teaming Agreements'' sets the boundaries for the arrangements between the parts in the project. This will help decide the roles between the building owner and the supplier. ''Risk register'' involves information associated to the identified risks which leads to the next input. ''Risk contract decision'' here the parts shall make different contracts including aspects such as insurance, this ensure each project team know their responsibilities. ''Activity resource'' requirements here the project team shall include individual requirements for the task. ''Project schedule'' here the project team shall include the time schedule for the construction, this will ensure that object is bought, produced and delivered on time. ''Activity cost estimates'' this is done for the project team to be able to evaluate the different solutions given from the suppliers. ''Cost performance baseline'' this together with the time schedule makes it possible for the project team to get overview of the present planned budget through the construction period. ''Enterprise environmental'' factors is focusing on the surrounding conditions, such as products that are available, how the supplier have performed in earlier construction project. This ensure a reliable supplier and makes sure that the given object is on the market at the needed time. ''Organisational process assets'' will ensure that if the organization itself, have a policy or guidelines that must be followed.

	'''Tools & Technique'''		'''Tools & Technique'''
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	''Make or buy analysis'' this technique is a common known in management. Here the project team has to consider whether the objects shall be made internally or if a external supplier would be better. This must include all the different cost for either make or buy, and further the time related to either make or buy. This analysis itself Is very comprehensive and takes a lot of criteria into consideration, to be able to determine which option that is most affordable for the organisation.		''Make or buy analysis'' this technique is a common known in management. Here the project team has to consider whether the objects shall be made internally or if a external supplier would be better. This must include all the different cost for either make or buy, and further the time related to either make or buy. This analysis itself Is very comprehensive and takes a lot of criteria into consideration, to be able to determine which option that is most affordable for the organisation.
	''Expert judgment'' contains judgement used to evaluate the given inputs and outputs. The technique can help the project team develop the source selection criteria, for the project team to create or adjust the selection criteria's. This can also be used for determining the different procurements issues that are connected to the project.		''Expert judgment'' contains judgement used to evaluate the given inputs and outputs. The technique can help the project team develop the source selection criteria, for the project team to create or adjust the selection criteria's. This can also be used for determining the different procurements issues that are connected to the project.
	''Contract types'' helps the project team to determine the risk between the ~~parts~~, here several different contract types can be used to achieve the desired result. By choosing good contract types the risk connected to buying and selling will be reduced, as it already has been decided how the payment shall proceed through the project time.		''Contract types'' helps the project team to determine the risk between the project members, here several different contract types can be used to achieve the desired result. By choosing good contract types the risk connected to buying and selling will be reduced, as it already has been decided how the payment shall proceed through the project time.

	'''Outputs'''		'''Outputs'''

	From the planning process the project team will now get a number of outputs, that will make It possible for the project team to continue the procurement process and start conducting process. The outcome is; ''Procurement management'' plan is an assembly of the inputs and are based on the certain needs within the project. It explains how the different procurement planning process shall be used from both the development of the documents to the contract closures. This will often provide a guidance for the given inputs. ''Procurement statements of work (SOW)'' is the outcome from the scope baseline. The SOW explains the procurement objects in an acceptable detail level, that makes it possible for the supplier to decide whether if they can deliver the given object. The SOW can have a different level of detail, based on the supplier needs or the chosen contract type. The information that can be include in the SOW are details ~~like; quantities, quality, location or other~~ requirements that are specific to the project. The SOW will in any construction project be revised through the process until the procurement has be signed a contract award. ''Make or buy decisions'' is the output from the analysis technique make or buy and results in a document, describing which objects or task that needs to be required from either ~~internally~~ or ~~externally~~. ''Procurement documents'' creates documents that are used to solicit solutions from the different suppliers. ''Source selection criteria'' are often created for the project team to evaluate and rate the different supplier solutions. The Criteria are either subjective or objective and can e.g. only be rating the price. The number of criteria often gives the most desired result but if it is done to detailed it can reduce the number of suppliers that are able to the meet the criteria's.		From the planning process the project team will now get a number of outputs, that will make It possible for the project team to continue the procurement process and start the conducting process. The outcome is; ''Procurement management'' plan is an assembly of the inputs and are based on the certain needs within the project. It explains how the different procurement planning process shall be used from both the development of the documents to the contract closures. This will often provide a guidance for the given inputs. ''Procurement statements of work (SOW)'' is the outcome from the scope baseline. The SOW explains the procurement objects in an acceptable detail level, that makes it possible for the supplier to decide whether if they can deliver the given object. The SOW can have a different level of detail, based on the supplier needs or the chosen contract type. The information that can be include in the SOW are details about certain requirements that are specific to the project. The SOW will in any construction project be revised through the process until the procurement has be signed a contract award. ''Make or buy decisions'' is the output from the analysis technique make or buy and results in a document, describing which objects or task that needs to be required from either internal or external partners. ''Procurement documents'' creates documents that are used to solicit solutions from the different suppliers. ''Source selection criteria'' are often created for the project team to evaluate and rate the different supplier solutions. The Criteria are either subjective or objective and can e.g. only be rating the price or there can be made criteria's the weigh both price and quality. The number of criteria often gives the most desired result but if this is done to detailed it can reduce the number of suppliers that are able to the meet the criteria's.

	===Conduct procurement===		===Conduct procurement===

Nikolajj: /* Abstract */

2018-02-28T17:44:00Z

Abstract

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	In this case VICO is a construction-oriented software that can be used in a digital environment and thereby help the project manager to perform different task or activities in a construction project.		In this case VICO is a construction-oriented software that can be used in a digital environment and thereby help the project manager to perform different task or activities in a construction project.

	This article will treat how procurement described in the PMBOK<ref name=PMBOK/> can be undertaken in a digital environment. The article will mainly focus on the first 3 processes within procurement management; Planning, Conducting and Administrer the procurement and how some inputs can be managed with software tools like Vico. Further which limitations there can be connected to using Vico for managing procurements.		This article will treat how procurement described in the PMBOK<ref name=PMBOK/> can be undertaken in a digital environment within construction projects. The article will mainly focus on the first 3 processes within procurement management; Planning, Conducting and Administrer the procurement and how some inputs can be managed with software tools like Vico. Further which limitations there can be connected to using Vico for managing procurements.

	==Big idea==		==Big idea==

Nikolajj: /* Big idea */

2018-02-28T17:43:39Z

Big idea

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	==Big idea==		==Big idea==
	Project procurement management handles the different processes that are highly important for the organisation to conduct when buying products or services that are necessary to deliver the desired result. As shown in figure 1 project procurement management can be divided into four processes that ensure a good procurement management between the buyers and suppliers of the project. Each of the four processes have a number of inputs, tools and techniques and a output. The first 3 processes will be explained in the following.		Project procurement management handles the different processes that are highly important for the organisation to conduct when buying products or services that are necessary to deliver the desired result. As shown in figure 1 project procurement management can be divided into four processes that ensure a good procurement management between the buyers and suppliers of the project. Each of the four processes have a number of inputs, tools and techniques and a output. The first 3 processes will be explained in the following.
	~~The~~ four processes are overlapping each other as each output will figures in the next process as inputs.		As illustrated in figure 1 the four processes are overlapping each other as each output will figures in the next process as inputs.
	[[File:Plan.jpg\|thump\|center\|300px]]'''Figure 1''': Project procurement management processes <ref name=PMBOK1/>.		[[File:Plan.jpg\|thump\|center\|300px]]'''Figure 1''': Project procurement management processes <ref name=PMBOK1/>.

	===Plan procurement===		===Plan procurement===
	The first process in procurement management is the planning part. This process includes the documentation of different purchasing decision, the planned approach, and the beginning of identifying several possible suppliers as shown in figure 2. At this point in the procurement process the project is in the initiating phase.		The first process in procurement management is the planning part. This process includes the documentation of different purchasing decision, the planned approach, and the beginning of identifying several possible suppliers as shown in figure 2. At this point in the procurement process the construction project is in the initiating phase.
	[[File:Input.jpg\|thump\|center\|400px]]'''Figure 2''': Input, Tools & Technique and output <ref name=PMBOK2/>.		[[File:Input.jpg\|thump\|center\|400px]]'''Figure 2''': Input, Tools & Technique and output <ref name=PMBOK2/>.

Nikolajj: /* Big idea */

2018-02-28T17:42:30Z

Big idea

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:42, 28 February 2018
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	==Big idea==		==Big idea==
	Project procurement management handles the different processes that are highly important for the organisation to conduct when buying products or services that are necessary to deliver the desired result. As shown in figure 1 project procurement management can be divided into four processes that ensure a good procurement management between the buyers and suppliers of the project. Each of the four processes have a number of inputs, tools and techniques and a output. ~~This~~ will be explained in the following.		Project procurement management handles the different processes that are highly important for the organisation to conduct when buying products or services that are necessary to deliver the desired result. As shown in figure 1 project procurement management can be divided into four processes that ensure a good procurement management between the buyers and suppliers of the project. Each of the four processes have a number of inputs, tools and techniques and a output. The first 3 processes will be explained in the following.
	The four processes are overlapping each other as each output will figures in the next process as inputs.		The four processes are overlapping each other as each output will figures in the next process as inputs.
	[[File:Plan.jpg\|thump\|center\|300px]]'''Figure 1''': Project procurement management processes <ref name=PMBOK1/>.		[[File:Plan.jpg\|thump\|center\|300px]]'''Figure 1''': Project procurement management processes <ref name=PMBOK1/>.