The big five (OCEAN) - Revision history

TimoScheitinger at 21:05, 21 February 2021

2021-02-21T21:05:08Z

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	~~'''''in progress'''''~~

	'''Timo Scheitinger'''		'''Timo Scheitinger'''

TimoScheitinger: /* The big five https://positivepsychology.com/big-five-personality-theory/ */

2021-02-21T21:04:29Z

The big five https://positivepsychology.com/big-five-personality-theory/

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	=== '''The big five <ref> https://positivepsychology.com/big-five-personality-theory/ </ref>~~'''~~ ===		=== '''The big five''' <ref> https://positivepsychology.com/big-five-personality-theory/ </ref> ===

TimoScheitinger at 21:04, 21 February 2021

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	=== '''The big five~~''' ===~~ <ref> https://positivepsychology.com/big-five-personality-theory/ </ref>		=== '''The big five <ref> https://positivepsychology.com/big-five-personality-theory/ </ref>''' ===

TimoScheitinger at 21:03, 21 February 2021

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	Finally, an American psychologist, Lewis Goldberg, recognised that there is not only the factor extrovert and introvert. He came up with 5 factors and was thus decisive for the creation of the OCEAN model, as he was the first to recognise and combine the following factors:		Finally, an American psychologist, Lewis Goldberg, recognised that there is not only the factor extrovert and introvert. He came up with 5 factors and was thus decisive for the creation of the OCEAN model, as he was the first to recognise and combine the following factors: <ref> L. Goldberg, The structure of phenotypic personality traits, 1993 </ref>
	*Openess to experience		*Openess to experience
	*Conscientiousness		*Conscientiousness
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	=== '''The big five''' ===		=== '''The big five''' === <ref> https://positivepsychology.com/big-five-personality-theory/ </ref>

TimoScheitinger: /* The big five */

2021-02-21T21:00:22Z

The big five

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	[[File:Traits.jpg\|600px\|thumb\|center\|Common traits, by Timo Scheitinger, content based on https://positivepsychology.com/big-five-personality-theory/ ]]		[[File:Traits.jpg\|600px\|thumb\|center\|Common traits, by Timo Scheitinger, content based on https://positivepsychology.com/big-five-personality-theory/ ]]



	=== '''Influences''' ===		=== '''Influences''' ===

TimoScheitinger: /* The personality test */

2021-02-21T20:59:36Z

The personality test

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	In this way, a constellation of different personalities can be put together in the management that are suitable for a project. Since project work depends very much on the performance of the responsible team, this can strengthen the efficiency of a company and also ensure internal satisfaction in the team through the right personnel management with the help of the OCEAN analysis.		In this way, a constellation of different personalities can be put together in the management that are suitable for a project. Since project work depends very much on the performance of the responsible team, this can strengthen the efficiency of a company and also ensure internal satisfaction in the team through the right personnel management with the help of the OCEAN analysis.


	=== '''Analyzation of the environment''' ===		=== '''Analyzation of the environment''' ===

TimoScheitinger at 20:58, 21 February 2021

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	[[File:Simulated Connectivity Damage of Phineas Gage 4 vanHorn Pathways Damaged.png\|400px\|thumb\|center\|Simulated Connectivity Damage of Phineas Gage 4 vanHorn Pathways Damaged, by Van Horn JD, Irimia A, Torgerson CM, Chambers MC, Kikinis R, et al. is licensed under CC BY 2.5]]		[[File:Simulated Connectivity Damage of Phineas Gage 4 vanHorn Pathways Damaged.png\|400px\|thumb\|center\|Simulated Connectivity Damage of Phineas Gage 4 vanHorn Pathways Damaged, by Van Horn JD, Irimia A, Torgerson CM, Chambers MC, Kikinis R, et al. is licensed under CC BY 2.5]]

	Phineas survived, but his personality changed greatly due to the damage to his brain. He took on different characteristics and became a different person, his friends reported. This made it clear that the physical size and individual areas of the brain make up the personality of an individual.		Phineas survived, but his personality changed greatly due to the damage to his brain. He took on different characteristics and became a different person, his friends reported. This made it clear that the physical size and individual areas of the brain make up the personality of an individual. <ref> https://www.geo.de/wissen/23805-rtkl-neurowissenschaft-eine-stange-durchschlug-seinen-schaedel-warum-der-fall-von </ref>

	Another historically important point in personality psychology was Sigmund Freud's psychoanalysis and his studies of the human mind, which laid the foundation for further insights. A far more enduring influence, however, was Carl Jung's analysis that personalities can be classified as introverted and extroverted.		Another historically important point in personality psychology was Sigmund Freud's psychoanalysis and his studies of the human mind, which laid the foundation for further insights. A far more enduring influence, however, was Carl Jung's analysis that personalities can be classified as introverted and extroverted.

TimoScheitinger at 20:53, 21 February 2021

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	The OCEAN model is particularly applicable when a company is looking for a certain character trait for a position in the company. Thus, the five factors are often used in the application process of new employees or rebuilding of teams within the company. Especially for identifying a personality to take over leadership the "''(...) program directors should prescreen for narcissism in the application process.''" <ref> Carrie A Blair, Rachele E Palmieri, Carmen Paz-Aparicio, Do Big 5 Personality Characteristics and Narcissism Predict Engagement in Leader Development?, 2018 </ref>		The OCEAN model is particularly applicable when a company is looking for a certain character trait for a position in the company. Thus, the five factors are often used in the application process of new employees or rebuilding of teams within the company. Especially for identifying a personality to take over leadership the "''(...) program directors should prescreen for narcissism in the application process.''" <ref> Carrie A Blair, Rachele E Palmieri, Carmen Paz-Aparicio, Do Big 5 Personality Characteristics and Narcissism Predict Engagement in Leader Development?, 2018 </ref>
	Project management can thus be optimized, as the analysis of individual personalities also allows individual strengths and weaknesses to emerge more clearly, and a balance of under- and overstrain of the employee can be established. A test (see figure), often in the form of a questionnaire, is completed by the person and the analysis of the character traits can then be used for further action. The NEO-PI-R test is usually used here. A more detailed subdivision of the five categories follows in here.		Project management can thus be optimized, as the analysis of individual personalities also allows individual strengths and weaknesses to emerge more clearly, and a balance of under- and overstrain of the employee can be established. A test (see figure), often in the form of a questionnaire, is completed by the person and the analysis of the character traits can then be used for further action. The NEO-PI-R test is usually used here. A more detailed subdivision of the five categories follows in here.


	== '''Application''' ==		== '''Application''' ==


			=== '''The personality test''' ===



	[[File:Personality test-truity.jpg\|600px\|thumb\|center\|Big five personality test, picture by Timo Scheitinger, content by https://www.truity.com/test/big-five-personality-test ]]		[[File:Personality test-truity.jpg\|600px\|thumb\|center\|Big five personality test, picture by Timo Scheitinger, content by https://www.truity.com/test/big-five-personality-test ]]



	After answering all the questions of an OCEAN-based test, you get a detailed analysis and description of your personal behaviour patterns. In addition, the individual characteristics of the factors are explained and how they influence everyday life. With the information about what drives you and what tasks you are best suited for, this can now be used to act more effectively and successfully in the world of work and in private life.		After answering all the questions of an OCEAN-based test, you get a detailed analysis and description of your personal behaviour patterns. In addition, the individual characteristics of the factors are explained and how they influence everyday life. With the information about what drives you and what tasks you are best suited for, this can now be used to act more effectively and successfully in the world of work and in private life.



	[[File:Personality test-truity2.jpg\|600px\|thumb\|center\|Big five personality test analysis, picture by Timo Scheitinger, content by https://www.truity.com/test/big-five-personality-test ]]		[[File:Personality test-truity2.jpg\|600px\|thumb\|center\|Big five personality test analysis, picture by Timo Scheitinger, content by https://www.truity.com/test/big-five-personality-test ]]



			In this way, a constellation of different personalities can be put together in the management that are suitable for a project. Since project work depends very much on the performance of the responsible team, this can strengthen the efficiency of a company and also ensure internal satisfaction in the team through the right personnel management with the help of the OCEAN analysis.


			=== '''Analyzation of the environment''' ===

			After a system demarcation, a more detailed look into the system and a more precise analysis follows. To understand the environment, many therefore rely on user-centred information sources and methods. For example, interviews or surveys are created and conducted. <ref> Rainer Züst, Peter Troxler, No More Muddling Through Mastering Complex Projects in Engineering and Management, 2006 </ref> Here as well, you can decide on the basis of the five-factor model who should conduct these interviews and which person should rather take over the part of documenting. As a project manager, you can now let a person who performs higher in extraversion conduct the interview, as this person naturally seeks the conversation and thus creates a more comfortable situation for the interviewee. This leads to a better output from the interview and thus to an increase in the efficiency of the analysis phase. The documenter, on the other hand, should have a high value of conscientiousness in order to record the information in a planned, organized and reliable way for easy use in the next project steps.


			=== '''Ideation and new concepts''' ===

			"''Creativity as driving force for the search for solutions''" <ref> Rainer Züst, Peter Troxler, No More Muddling Through Mastering Complex Projects in Engineering and Management, 2006 </ref> It is precisely in this phase that people who break out of their everyday work are needed. No conservative thinking, no rules and norms! In project management phases, it is also important to look beyond the horizon and become creative. As a manager, you can also draw on the results of the five-factor model and involve employees who perform particularly well in openness to experience.


	== '''Limitations''' ==		== '''Limitations''' ==


			Firstly you can argue about the number 5 as a definition of character traits. Psychologists criticise that these five factors are not sufficient to explain a personality. They are only basic pillars that make up the character. Based on this, a new model, HEXACO, was developed by Kibeom Lee and Michael Ashton. In this model, another factor was added to describe the personality more completely. It deals with the honesty and modesty of a person. In addition, it can be said that a person is not automatically particularly well suited for a task in a phase of project management just because the person scores a certain number of points in a factor. Many other factors play a role, such as experience in the working world, many years of expertise and one's own motivation to drive the project forward. The result of the five-factor model test also depends heavily on the honesty of the person completing it. If the person selects the personal characteristics that he or she believes to be rather than the characteristics that describe the person in reality, the test will be distorted and deviate from reality.


	== '''Annotated bibliography''' ==		== '''Annotated bibliography''' ==
	<references />		<references />

TimoScheitinger at 20:43, 21 February 2021

2021-02-21T20:43:03Z

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	[[File:Personality test-truity.jpg\|600px\|thumb\|center\|Big five personality test, picture by Timo Scheitinger, content by https://www.truity.com/test/big-five-personality-test ]]		[[File:Personality test-truity.jpg\|600px\|thumb\|center\|Big five personality test, picture by Timo Scheitinger, content by https://www.truity.com/test/big-five-personality-test ]]

			After answering all the questions of an OCEAN-based test, you get a detailed analysis and description of your personal behaviour patterns. In addition, the individual characteristics of the factors are explained and how they influence everyday life. With the information about what drives you and what tasks you are best suited for, this can now be used to act more effectively and successfully in the world of work and in private life.


			[[File:Personality test-truity2.jpg\|600px\|thumb\|center\|Big five personality test analysis, picture by Timo Scheitinger, content by https://www.truity.com/test/big-five-personality-test ]]

	== '''Limitations''' ==		== '''Limitations''' ==

TimoScheitinger at 20:40, 21 February 2021

2021-02-21T20:40:38Z

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	== '''Application''' ==		== '''Application''' ==

	[[File:~~personality~~ test-truity.jpg\|600px\|thumb\|center\|Big five personality test, picture by Timo Scheitinger, content by https://www.truity.com/test/big-five-personality-test ]]		[[File:Personality test-truity.jpg\|600px\|thumb\|center\|Big five personality test, picture by Timo Scheitinger, content by https://www.truity.com/test/big-five-personality-test ]]