Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) - Revision history

ISH: /* Reference */

2022-03-27T21:48:06Z

Reference

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	== Reference ==		== Reference ==
	John Carter, TCGen, New Product Development Process At Apple (4 Steps), April 16, 2021.		[[1]]John Carter, TCGen, New Product Development Process At Apple (4 Steps), April 16, 2021.
	https://www.tcgen.com/blog/product-development-process-apple/		https://www.tcgen.com/blog/product-development-process-apple/

ISH: /* Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) in projects */

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Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) in projects

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	'''Uncertainty:''' Another benefit of SOPs is that they create unity and transparency in organizations. They can be used to create coherence between projects, programs and portfolios from a management perspective. A good example is Apple, a case study into Apple’s product development process by John Carter concluded that one problem they had was that teams were interdependent and that decisions made at team level affected others teams thus the program. This makes teams inefficient and so it can be reasoned that Apple's development department could use program management tools such as SOPs to manage uncertainty between projects.		'''Uncertainty:''' Another benefit of SOPs is that they create unity and transparency in organizations. They can be used to create coherence between projects, programs and portfolios from a management perspective. A good example is Apple, a case study into Apple’s product development process by John Carter concluded that one problem they had was that teams were interdependent and that decisions made at team level affected others teams thus the program.[[1]] This makes teams inefficient and so it can be reasoned that Apple's development department could use program management tools such as SOPs to manage uncertainty between projects.

	However, it is assumed that they use some kind of SOPs that are adapted to their company's culture and product needs. Companies are constantly releasing new models and new versions of their previous models. The new model typically has many of the same design features, software, and components. With only a few parts that differentiate a company's models from each other. Companies do not create entirely new procedures to develop their new models, but use procedures developed in their previous projects. Which results in fewer surprises and challenges during development. It is easier to estimate the time and money spent in the new phone as well as estimate the value added to the company. In addition, it is a conscious choice that different products in a company like Apple have many similarities and that the products have a coherent design, packaging and software. SOPs can help clarify where there are similarities between the products and where there are differences.		However, it is assumed that they use some kind of SOPs that are adapted to their company's culture and product needs. Companies are constantly releasing new models and new versions of their previous models. The new model typically has many of the same design features, software, and components. With only a few parts that differentiate a company's models from each other. Companies do not create entirely new procedures to develop their new models, but use procedures developed in their previous projects. Which results in fewer surprises and challenges during development. It is easier to estimate the time and money spent in the new phone as well as estimate the value added to the company. In addition, it is a conscious choice that different products in a company like Apple have many similarities and that the products have a coherent design, packaging and software. SOPs can help clarify where there are similarities between the products and where there are differences.

ISH: /* Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) in projects */

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Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) in projects

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	== Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) in projects ==		== Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) in projects ==
	An SOP is an open tool that can be used in many different situations by many different disciplines. The main focus of this article is to use SOPs to minimize uncertainty in projects. However, the article will first examine an SOP from four key factors, purpose, people, complexity, uncertainty.		An SOP is an open tool that can be used in many different situations by many different disciplines. The main focus of this article is to use SOPs to minimize uncertainty in projects. However, the article will first examine an SOP from four key factors, purpose, people, complexity, uncertainty.


	'''Purpose:''' A Standard Operating Procedure is a set of instructions on how an organization want employees to perform a procedure. SOPs can be used in all possible scenarios and are frequently used for routine work, such as in production. It is an effective way to ensure consistent results and reduce miscommunication. An SOP should clearly explain the situation it is used for and the purpose for it. Additionally, what steps the employee must perform and be aware of. There are no specific requirements for how organizations should use SOPs, but there are some industry standard or best practices that this article will focus on.		'''Purpose:''' A Standard Operating Procedure is a set of instructions on how an organization want employees to perform a procedure. SOPs can be used in all possible scenarios and are frequently used for routine work, such as in production. It is an effective way to ensure consistent results and reduce miscommunication. An SOP should clearly explain the situation it is used for and the purpose for it. Additionally, what steps the employee must perform and be aware of. There are no specific requirements for how organizations should use SOPs, but there are some industry standard or best practices that this article will focus on.

ISH: /* Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) in projects */

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Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) in projects

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	== Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) in projects ==		== Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) in projects ==
			An SOP is an open tool that can be used in many different situations by many different disciplines. The main focus of this article is to use SOPs to minimize uncertainty in projects. However, the article will first examine an SOP from four key factors, purpose, people, complexity, uncertainty.

	'''Purpose:''' A Standard Operating Procedure is a set of instructions on how an organization want employees to perform a procedure. SOPs can be used in all possible scenarios and are frequently used for routine work, such as in production. It is an effective way to ensure consistent results and reduce miscommunication. An SOP should clearly explain the situation it is used for and the purpose for it. Additionally, what steps the employee must perform and be aware of. There are no specific requirements for how organizations should use SOPs, but there are some industry standard or best practices that this article will focus on.		'''Purpose:''' A Standard Operating Procedure is a set of instructions on how an organization want employees to perform a procedure. SOPs can be used in all possible scenarios and are frequently used for routine work, such as in production. It is an effective way to ensure consistent results and reduce miscommunication. An SOP should clearly explain the situation it is used for and the purpose for it. Additionally, what steps the employee must perform and be aware of. There are no specific requirements for how organizations should use SOPs, but there are some industry standard or best practices that this article will focus on.

ISH: /* Project mamagement */

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Project mamagement

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	== Project mamagement ==		== Project mamagement ==
	Time management: It is important that a project manager can efficiently and precisely estimate the time it takes to finish tasks and meet deadlines. Tasks often depend on each other and delays in one place can lead to delays in several places throughout the project. A project manager works to prevent delays as well as deal with them if they occur. SOPs can help the project manager to estimate time and resources spent on tasks as well as outline a clear process in uncertain times.		'''Time management:''' It is important that a project manager can efficiently and precisely estimate the time it takes to finish tasks and meet deadlines. Tasks often depend on each other and delays in one place can lead to delays in several places throughout the project. A project manager works to prevent delays as well as deal with them if they occur. SOPs can help the project manager to estimate time and resources spent on tasks as well as outline a clear process in uncertain times.

	Independent employees: Project managers typically have several different areas of responsibility to manage at once and it is important that they focus on things that create the most value for the project. SOPs can support the project manager as they provide employees with clear specific frameworks for their work. It gives the project manager the freedom to spend their time on other valuable tasks without worrying about the quality of the employees' work.		'''Independent employees:''' Project managers typically have several different areas of responsibility to manage at once and it is important that they focus on things that create the most value for the project. SOPs can support the project manager as they provide employees with clear specific frameworks for their work. It gives the project manager the freedom to spend their time on other valuable tasks without worrying about the quality of the employees' work.

	Measurable quality: Without clear requirements and specifications, quality is relatively subjective and difficult to judge. One of the most valuable benefits of using an SOP is that they have a clear purpose and clear success criteria. When reading an SOP, there should be no doubt about whether the purpose has been achieved and that the presented success criteria lead to the described purpose. If the SOP is performed correctly, it makes it easy to document and communicate value added to the project.		'''Measurable quality:''' Without clear requirements and specifications, quality is relatively subjective and difficult to judge. One of the most valuable benefits of using an SOP is that they have a clear purpose and clear success criteria. When reading an SOP, there should be no doubt about whether the purpose has been achieved and that the presented success criteria lead to the described purpose. If the SOP is performed correctly, it makes it easy to document and communicate value added to the project.

	== Program mamagement ==		== Program mamagement ==

ISH: /* Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) in projects */

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Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) in projects

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	'''Complexity:''' Common for all SOPs is that its purpose is to determine the fastest and most effective way to perform a procedure. Industries can adopt SOPs in their organization and depending on the field in which they work, different requirements and specifications are seen for these SOPs. The format of the SOPs may look different depending on the industry or organizational cultures in which they are developed for.		'''Complexity:''' Common for all SOPs is that its purpose is to determine the fastest and most effective way to perform a procedure. Industries can adopt SOPs in their organization and depending on the field in which they work, different requirements and specifications are seen for these SOPs. The format of the SOPs may look different depending on the industry or organizational cultures in which they are developed for. The medical world has stricter and more requirements for their products than, for example, the fashion industry has, and as a result, the format of the two industries' SOPs will look different. Internally in projects, the format of SOPs can also vary depending on the importance and requirement of the specific operation, for example legal processes may look different from design processes. The specific organizational culture may influence how much SOPs are used in projects and its degree of detail. Some organizations may require their employees to follow the organization's SOPs closely, while other companies use SOPs more as a training tool for new employees or if the employee is in doubt. There are SOPs with many different purposes. SOPs for routine work are frequently used in productions. SOPs for procedure with stricter regulations and laws, which are frequently used in the medicine industry. SOPs can also be used for planning the right procedure in case of emergencies such as natural disasters by governments with high risk for this.

	The medical world has stricter and more requirements for their products than, for example, the fashion industry has, and as a result, the format of the two industries' SOPs will look different. Internally in projects, the format of SOPs can also vary depending on the importance and requirement of the specific operation, for example legal processes may look different from design processes.

	The specific organizational culture may influence how much SOPs are used in projects and its degree of detail. Some organizations may require their employees to follow the organization's SOPs closely, while other companies use SOPs more as a training tool for new employees or if the employee is in doubt.

	There are SOPs with many different purposes. SOPs for routine work are frequently used in productions. SOPs for procedure with stricter regulations and laws, which are frequently used in the medicine industry. SOPs can also be used for planning the right procedure in case of emergencies such as natural disasters by governments with high risk for this.

ISH: /* Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) in projects */

2022-03-27T21:28:43Z

Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) in projects

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	SOPs are increasingly used in projects, as similar work is often repeated from project to project. It is interesting to investigate how valuable SOPs can be in a project, as these procedures tend to be more dynamic and generally little less predictable than other types of procedures. Especially in a project process, there are procedures that must be performed but are not performed often enough that the employees are confident enough performing them without some sort of guidance. Furthermore, some uncertainty is expected in a project process and here SOPs can be used to find the most efficient way forward.		SOPs are increasingly used in projects, as similar work is often repeated from project to project. It is interesting to investigate how valuable SOPs can be in a project, as these procedures tend to be more dynamic and generally little less predictable than other types of procedures. Especially in a project process, there are procedures that must be performed but are not performed often enough that the employees are confident enough performing them without some sort of guidance. Furthermore, some uncertainty is expected in a project process and here SOPs can be used to find the most efficient way forward.


	'''People:''' Routine work and set produces are a big part of organizations' day-to-day operations. New employees usually go through a training process. However, this does not mean that new employees altogether understand the organization or that training can replace years of experience in a field. It can take several years of experience, the right skills or knowledge of the organization to find the optimal way to perform a given task. In situation with high uncertainty, it is not easy to know what the best course of action is. This is why SOP is a great tool for minimizing time and resources spent on unnecessary work.		'''People:''' Routine work and set produces are a big part of organizations' day-to-day operations. New employees usually go through a training process. However, this does not mean that new employees altogether understand the organization or that training can replace years of experience in a field. It can take several years of experience, the right skills or knowledge of the organization to find the optimal way to perform a given task. In situation with high uncertainty, it is not easy to know what the best course of action is. This is why SOP is a great tool for minimizing time and resources spent on unnecessary work.

	The abovementioned situations are relevant management challenges. How can new inexperienced employees or teams benefit from the skills and know-how of their more experienced colleagues? How do organizations ensure that the knowledge and experience that has been invested over several years remains in the organization even after these valuable employees leave the organization? Many resources are spent on these challenges, resulting in a demand for effective ways to minimize waste. That is to reduce the time spent on unnecessary tasks without the need to have several years of experience. SOPs is designed to ensure that employees who can benefit from each other's experience, as it do not require years of experience to find the optimal way to perform a task.		The abovementioned situations are relevant management challenges. How can new inexperienced employees or teams benefit from the skills and know-how of their more experienced colleagues? How do organizations ensure that the knowledge and experience that has been invested over several years remains in the organization even after these valuable employees leave the organization? Many resources are spent on these challenges, resulting in a demand for effective ways to minimize waste. That is to reduce the time spent on unnecessary tasks without the need to have several years of experience. SOPs is designed to ensure that employees who can benefit from each other's experience, as it do not require years of experience to find the optimal way to perform a task.


	'''Uncertainty:''' Another benefit of SOPs is that they create unity and transparency in organizations. They can be used to create coherence between projects, programs and portfolios from a management perspective. A good example is Apple, a case study into Apple’s product development process by John Carter concluded that one problem they had was that teams were interdependent and that decisions made at team level affected others teams thus the program. This makes teams inefficient and so it can be reasoned that Apple's development department could use program management tools such as SOPs to manage uncertainty between projects.		'''Uncertainty:''' Another benefit of SOPs is that they create unity and transparency in organizations. They can be used to create coherence between projects, programs and portfolios from a management perspective. A good example is Apple, a case study into Apple’s product development process by John Carter concluded that one problem they had was that teams were interdependent and that decisions made at team level affected others teams thus the program. This makes teams inefficient and so it can be reasoned that Apple's development department could use program management tools such as SOPs to manage uncertainty between projects.

	However, it is assumed that they use some kind of SOPs that are adapted to their company's culture and product needs. Companies are constantly releasing new models and new versions of their previous models. The new model typically has many of the same design features, software, and components. With only a few parts that differentiate a company's models from each other. Companies do not create entirely new procedures to develop their new models, but use procedures developed in their previous projects. Which results in fewer surprises and challenges during development. It is easier to estimate the time and money spent in the new phone as well as estimate the value added to the company. In addition, it is a conscious choice that different products in a company like Apple have many similarities and that the products have a coherent design, packaging and software. SOPs can help clarify where there are similarities between the products and where there are differences.		However, it is assumed that they use some kind of SOPs that are adapted to their company's culture and product needs. Companies are constantly releasing new models and new versions of their previous models. The new model typically has many of the same design features, software, and components. With only a few parts that differentiate a company's models from each other. Companies do not create entirely new procedures to develop their new models, but use procedures developed in their previous projects. Which results in fewer surprises and challenges during development. It is easier to estimate the time and money spent in the new phone as well as estimate the value added to the company. In addition, it is a conscious choice that different products in a company like Apple have many similarities and that the products have a coherent design, packaging and software. SOPs can help clarify where there are similarities between the products and where there are differences.


	'''Complexity:''' Common for all SOPs is that its purpose is to determine the fastest and most effective way to perform a procedure. Industries can adopt SOPs in their organization and depending on the field in which they work, different requirements and specifications are seen for these SOPs. The format of the SOPs may look different depending on the industry or organizational cultures in which they are developed for.		'''Complexity:''' Common for all SOPs is that its purpose is to determine the fastest and most effective way to perform a procedure. Industries can adopt SOPs in their organization and depending on the field in which they work, different requirements and specifications are seen for these SOPs. The format of the SOPs may look different depending on the industry or organizational cultures in which they are developed for.
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	There are SOPs with many different purposes. SOPs for routine work are frequently used in productions. SOPs for procedure with stricter regulations and laws, which are frequently used in the medicine industry. SOPs can also be used for planning the right procedure in case of emergencies such as natural disasters by governments with high risk for this.		There are SOPs with many different purposes. SOPs for routine work are frequently used in productions. SOPs for procedure with stricter regulations and laws, which are frequently used in the medicine industry. SOPs can also be used for planning the right procedure in case of emergencies such as natural disasters by governments with high risk for this.


	This article focuses on two types of SOPs. The first being SOPs that are not part of the daily work but are part of the project and it is important to perform them in a specific way. The second being SOPs about somewhat known situations that is not expected to happen in the project but can present itself unexpectedly. An SOP can help teams figure out how to act most effectively based on experience. If there is enough knowledge of the project processes, SOPs can be developed for atypical scenarios in projects.		This article focuses on two types of SOPs. The first being SOPs that are not part of the daily work but are part of the project and it is important to perform them in a specific way. The second being SOPs about somewhat known situations that is not expected to happen in the project but can present itself unexpectedly. An SOP can help teams figure out how to act most effectively based on experience. If there is enough knowledge of the project processes, SOPs can be developed for atypical scenarios in projects.

ISH: /* Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) in projects */

2022-03-27T21:28:15Z

Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) in projects

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	The abovementioned situations are relevant management challenges. How can new inexperienced employees or teams benefit from the skills and know-how of their more experienced colleagues? How do organizations ensure that the knowledge and experience that has been invested over several years remains in the organization even after these valuable employees leave the organization? Many resources are spent on these challenges, resulting in a demand for effective ways to minimize waste. That is to reduce the time spent on unnecessary tasks without the need to have several years of experience. SOPs is designed to ensure that employees who can benefit from each other's experience, as it do not require years of experience to find the optimal way to perform a task.		The abovementioned situations are relevant management challenges. How can new inexperienced employees or teams benefit from the skills and know-how of their more experienced colleagues? How do organizations ensure that the knowledge and experience that has been invested over several years remains in the organization even after these valuable employees leave the organization? Many resources are spent on these challenges, resulting in a demand for effective ways to minimize waste. That is to reduce the time spent on unnecessary tasks without the need to have several years of experience. SOPs is designed to ensure that employees who can benefit from each other's experience, as it do not require years of experience to find the optimal way to perform a task.


	'''Uncertainty:''' Another benefit of SOPs is that they create unity and transparency in organizations. They can be used to create coherence between projects, programs and portfolios from a management perspective. A good example is Apple, a case study into Apple’s product development process by John Carter concluded that one problem they had was that teams were interdependent and that decisions made at team level affected others teams thus the program. This makes teams inefficient and so it can be reasoned that Apple's development department could use program management tools such as SOPs to manage uncertainty between projects.		'''Uncertainty:''' Another benefit of SOPs is that they create unity and transparency in organizations. They can be used to create coherence between projects, programs and portfolios from a management perspective. A good example is Apple, a case study into Apple’s product development process by John Carter concluded that one problem they had was that teams were interdependent and that decisions made at team level affected others teams thus the program. This makes teams inefficient and so it can be reasoned that Apple's development department could use program management tools such as SOPs to manage uncertainty between projects.

	However, it is assumed that they use some kind of SOPs that are adapted to their company's culture and product needs. Companies are constantly releasing new models and new versions of their previous models. The new model typically has many of the same design features, software, and components. With only a few parts that differentiate a company's models from each other. Companies do not create entirely new procedures to develop their new models, but use procedures developed in their previous projects. Which results in fewer surprises and challenges during development. It is easier to estimate the time and money spent in the new phone as well as estimate the value added to the company. In addition, it is a conscious choice that different products in a company like Apple have many similarities and that the products have a coherent design, packaging and software. SOPs can help clarify where there are similarities between the products and where there are differences.		However, it is assumed that they use some kind of SOPs that are adapted to their company's culture and product needs. Companies are constantly releasing new models and new versions of their previous models. The new model typically has many of the same design features, software, and components. With only a few parts that differentiate a company's models from each other. Companies do not create entirely new procedures to develop their new models, but use procedures developed in their previous projects. Which results in fewer surprises and challenges during development. It is easier to estimate the time and money spent in the new phone as well as estimate the value added to the company. In addition, it is a conscious choice that different products in a company like Apple have many similarities and that the products have a coherent design, packaging and software. SOPs can help clarify where there are similarities between the products and where there are differences.

			'''Complexity:''' Common for all SOPs is that its purpose is to determine the fastest and most effective way to perform a procedure. Industries can adopt SOPs in their organization and depending on the field in which they work, different requirements and specifications are seen for these SOPs. The format of the SOPs may look different depending on the industry or organizational cultures in which they are developed for.

	'''Complexity:''' Common for all SOPs is that its purpose is to determine the fastest and most effective way to perform a procedure. Industries can adopt SOPs in their organization and depending on the field in which they work, different requirements and specifications are seen for these SOPs. The format of the SOPs may look different depending on the industry or organizational cultures in which they are developed for.
	The medical world has stricter and more requirements for their products than, for example, the fashion industry has, and as a result, the format of the two industries' SOPs will look different. Internally in projects, the format of SOPs can also vary depending on the importance and requirement of the specific operation, for example legal processes may look different from design processes.		The medical world has stricter and more requirements for their products than, for example, the fashion industry has, and as a result, the format of the two industries' SOPs will look different. Internally in projects, the format of SOPs can also vary depending on the importance and requirement of the specific operation, for example legal processes may look different from design processes.

	The specific organizational culture may influence how much SOPs are used in projects and its degree of detail. Some organizations may require their employees to follow the organization's SOPs closely, while other companies use SOPs more as a training tool for new employees or if the employee is in doubt.		The specific organizational culture may influence how much SOPs are used in projects and its degree of detail. Some organizations may require their employees to follow the organization's SOPs closely, while other companies use SOPs more as a training tool for new employees or if the employee is in doubt.

ISH: /* Defining Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) in projects */

2022-03-27T21:27:27Z

Defining Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) in projects

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	== ~~Defining~~ Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) in projects ==		== Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) in projects ==
	An Standard Operating Procedure is a set of instructions on how an organization want employees to perform a procedure. SOPs can be used in all possible scenarios and are frequently used for routine work, such as in production. It is an effective way to ensure consistent results and reduce miscommunication. An SOP should clearly explain the situation it is used for and the purpose for it. Additionally, what steps the employee must perform and be aware of. There are no specific requirements for how organizations should use SOPs, but there are some industry standard or best practices that this article will focus on.		'''Purpose:''' A Standard Operating Procedure is a set of instructions on how an organization want employees to perform a procedure. SOPs can be used in all possible scenarios and are frequently used for routine work, such as in production. It is an effective way to ensure consistent results and reduce miscommunication. An SOP should clearly explain the situation it is used for and the purpose for it. Additionally, what steps the employee must perform and be aware of. There are no specific requirements for how organizations should use SOPs, but there are some industry standard or best practices that this article will focus on.

	SOPs are increasingly used in projects, as similar work is often repeated from project to project. It is interesting to investigate how valuable SOPs can be in a project, as these procedures tend to be more dynamic and generally little less predictable than other types of procedures. Especially in a project process, there are procedures that must be performed but are not performed often enough that the employees are confident enough performing them without some sort of guidance. Furthermore, some uncertainty is expected in a project process and here SOPs can be used to find the most efficient way forward.		SOPs are increasingly used in projects, as similar work is often repeated from project to project. It is interesting to investigate how valuable SOPs can be in a project, as these procedures tend to be more dynamic and generally little less predictable than other types of procedures. Especially in a project process, there are procedures that must be performed but are not performed often enough that the employees are confident enough performing them without some sort of guidance. Furthermore, some uncertainty is expected in a project process and here SOPs can be used to find the most efficient way forward.

	Routine work and set produces are a big part of organizations' day-to-day operations. New employees usually go through a training process. However, this does not mean that new employees altogether understand the organization or that training can replace years of experience in a field. It can take several years of experience, the right skills or knowledge of the organization to find the optimal way to perform a given task. In situation with high uncertainty, it is not easy to know what the best course of action is. This is why SOP is a great tool for minimizing time and resources spent on unnecessary work.		'''People:''' Routine work and set produces are a big part of organizations' day-to-day operations. New employees usually go through a training process. However, this does not mean that new employees altogether understand the organization or that training can replace years of experience in a field. It can take several years of experience, the right skills or knowledge of the organization to find the optimal way to perform a given task. In situation with high uncertainty, it is not easy to know what the best course of action is. This is why SOP is a great tool for minimizing time and resources spent on unnecessary work.

	The abovementioned situations are relevant management challenges. How can new inexperienced employees or teams benefit from the skills and know-how of their more experienced colleagues? How do organizations ensure that the knowledge and experience that has been invested over several years remains in the organization even after these valuable employees leave the organization? Many resources are spent on these challenges, resulting in a demand for effective ways to minimize waste. That is to reduce the time spent on unnecessary tasks without the need to have several years of experience. SOPs is designed to ensure that employees who can benefit from each other's experience, as it do not require years of experience to find the optimal way to perform a task.		The abovementioned situations are relevant management challenges. How can new inexperienced employees or teams benefit from the skills and know-how of their more experienced colleagues? How do organizations ensure that the knowledge and experience that has been invested over several years remains in the organization even after these valuable employees leave the organization? Many resources are spent on these challenges, resulting in a demand for effective ways to minimize waste. That is to reduce the time spent on unnecessary tasks without the need to have several years of experience. SOPs is designed to ensure that employees who can benefit from each other's experience, as it do not require years of experience to find the optimal way to perform a task.


	Another benefit of SOPs is that they create unity and transparency in organizations. They can be used to create coherence between projects, programs and portfolios from a management perspective. A good example is Apple, ~~where~~ it is assumed that they use some kind of SOPs that are adapted to their company's culture and product needs. Companies are constantly releasing new models and new versions of their previous models. The new model typically has many of the same design features, software, and components. With only a few parts that differentiate a company's models from each other. Companies do not create entirely new procedures to develop their new models, but use procedures developed in their previous projects. Which results in fewer surprises and challenges during development. It is easier to estimate the time and money spent in the new phone as well as estimate the value added to the company. In addition, it is a conscious choice that different products in a company like Apple have many similarities and that the products have a coherent design, packaging and software. SOPs can help clarify where there are similarities between the products and where there are differences.		'''Uncertainty:''' Another benefit of SOPs is that they create unity and transparency in organizations. They can be used to create coherence between projects, programs and portfolios from a management perspective. A good example is Apple, a case study into Apple’s product development process by John Carter concluded that one problem they had was that teams were interdependent and that decisions made at team level affected others teams thus the program. This makes teams inefficient and so it can be reasoned that Apple's development department could use program management tools such as SOPs to manage uncertainty between projects.
			However, it is assumed that they use some kind of SOPs that are adapted to their company's culture and product needs. Companies are constantly releasing new models and new versions of their previous models. The new model typically has many of the same design features, software, and components. With only a few parts that differentiate a company's models from each other. Companies do not create entirely new procedures to develop their new models, but use procedures developed in their previous projects. Which results in fewer surprises and challenges during development. It is easier to estimate the time and money spent in the new phone as well as estimate the value added to the company. In addition, it is a conscious choice that different products in a company like Apple have many similarities and that the products have a coherent design, packaging and software. SOPs can help clarify where there are similarities between the products and where there are differences.

	Common for all SOPs is that ~~they are~~ purpose is to determine the fastest and most effective way to perform a procedure. Industries can adopt SOPs in their organization and depending on the field in which they work, different requirements and specifications are seen for these SOPs. The format of the SOPs may look different depending on the industry or organizational cultures in which they are developed for.
			'''Complexity:''' Common for all SOPs is that its purpose is to determine the fastest and most effective way to perform a procedure. Industries can adopt SOPs in their organization and depending on the field in which they work, different requirements and specifications are seen for these SOPs. The format of the SOPs may look different depending on the industry or organizational cultures in which they are developed for.
	The medical world has stricter and more requirements for their products than, for example, the fashion industry has, and as a result, the format of the two industries' SOPs will look different. Internally in projects, the format of SOPs can also vary depending on the importance and requirement of the specific operation, for example legal processes may look different from design processes.		The medical world has stricter and more requirements for their products than, for example, the fashion industry has, and as a result, the format of the two industries' SOPs will look different. Internally in projects, the format of SOPs can also vary depending on the importance and requirement of the specific operation, for example legal processes may look different from design processes.
	The specific organizational culture may influence how much SOPs are used in projects and its degree of detail. Some organizations may require their employees to follow the organization's SOPs closely, while other companies use SOPs more as a training tool for new employees or if the employee is in doubt.		The specific organizational culture may influence how much SOPs are used in projects and its degree of detail. Some organizations may require their employees to follow the organization's SOPs closely, while other companies use SOPs more as a training tool for new employees or if the employee is in doubt.

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Reference

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	== Reference ==		== Reference ==
	John Carter, New Product Development Process At Apple (4 Steps), April 16, 2021.		John Carter, TCGen, New Product Development Process At Apple (4 Steps), April 16, 2021.
	https://www.tcgen.com/blog/product-development-process-apple/		https://www.tcgen.com/blog/product-development-process-apple/