Quality assurance methods in project management - Revision history

Tkokotas at 13:30, 19 November 2018

2018-11-19T13:30:49Z

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			''Developed by Joachim Skjærup Bach''


	Within project management, quality is a key parameter, governing the success of a firm. Quality is defined as “The degree to which a set of inherent characteristics fulfills requirements” <ref name="Winch">Winch, Graham M. 2010, “MANAGING CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS”, 2’th edition, WILEY-BLACKWELL, ISBN 978-1-4051-8457-1</ref>, the specific requirements to be fulfilled are themselves hard to define accurately which poses a problem in construction. An attempt to accurately quality has been made by Vitruvius, which stated that a building should consist of “Utilitas, Firmitas” and “Venustas”. This is translated to “Utility, Strength” and “Beauty” utility meaning that a building should be usable, strength meaning it should be durable and Beauty which is self-explanatory. Using these as guidance, quality performance could be interpreted as the interested parties’ ability to fulfill these three goals. After goals are specified, assurance that conformance of quality level will be obtained is beneficial for stakeholders, since it enhances trust. Quality assurance is therefore an important factor cultivating successful, collaboration.		Within project management, quality is a key parameter, governing the success of a firm. Quality is defined as “The degree to which a set of inherent characteristics fulfills requirements” <ref name="Winch">Winch, Graham M. 2010, “MANAGING CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS”, 2’th edition, WILEY-BLACKWELL, ISBN 978-1-4051-8457-1</ref>, the specific requirements to be fulfilled are themselves hard to define accurately which poses a problem in construction. An attempt to accurately quality has been made by Vitruvius, which stated that a building should consist of “Utilitas, Firmitas” and “Venustas”. This is translated to “Utility, Strength” and “Beauty” utility meaning that a building should be usable, strength meaning it should be durable and Beauty which is self-explanatory. Using these as guidance, quality performance could be interpreted as the interested parties’ ability to fulfill these three goals. After goals are specified, assurance that conformance of quality level will be obtained is beneficial for stakeholders, since it enhances trust. Quality assurance is therefore an important factor cultivating successful, collaboration.

Joachim Bach: /* Conclusion */

2017-06-22T08:14:06Z

Conclusion

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	= Conclusion =		= Conclusion =
	Quality assurance is an important contributor to total quality management systems. It ensures a trustworthy bond between client and organization that quality is in conformance with expectations.		Quality assurance is an important contributor to total quality management systems. It ensures a trustworthy bond between client and organization that quality is in conformance with expectations. Reasons for why quality assurance is important have been outlined and used in an example case of the Volkswagen emission scandal. Building trust and creating a culture of improvement are some of the main benefits.

			In modern time, commissioning has been tried out as an quality assurance method. The effects of commissioning, are a lowering of maintenance costs which is a substantial part of the lifetime cost of a building. On the down side, commission is an expensive procedure without any immediate benefits. This makes it difficult to sell. Furthermore, commissioning takes time and requires a collaboration between interested parties which can prove difficult to reach when multiple projects are worked on simultaneously.

			The certification system is outlined and the third-party system is deemed best practice, because of the independent judgement. The ISO standard 9001:2015 have been outlined which provides the general guidelines for companies to follow. Clear specification of quality requirements prove difficult and the assurance requires quality control and methods for conducting this have been linked to. In similar manner, the american CCM certification, EFQM and IPMA frameworks have been explained. The systems provided the framework which cultivates a competitive culture of improvement within the company. This could result in positive feedback loops where quality and trust are continually increased.

	= Abbreviations =		= Abbreviations =

Joachim Bach: /* Conclusion */

2017-06-22T07:51:02Z

Conclusion

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:51, 22 June 2017
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	= Conclusion =		= Conclusion =
			Quality assurance is an important contributor to total quality management systems. It ensures a trustworthy bond between client and organization that quality is in conformance with expectations.

	= Abbreviations =		= Abbreviations =

Joachim Bach at 19:48, 21 June 2017

2017-06-21T19:48:14Z

Show changes

Joachim Bach at 18:17, 21 June 2017

2017-06-21T18:17:47Z

Joachim Bach at 18:16, 21 June 2017

2017-06-21T18:16:22Z

Joachim Bach: /* Third-party system */

2017-06-21T18:13:57Z

Third-party system

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	== Third-party system ==		== Third-party system ==

			The main problems with third-party certification systems, are that of clearly defining quality standards which on one hand, is broad enough to be applicable to all projects but at the same time quantifiable such that performance can be evaluated. Inconsistencies, miscommunication, vague specification and costly procedures, are all factors complicating certification of companies. Furthermore when companies which are certified misbehaves and get bad publicity, e.g. when Pihl and Søn, defaulted, then the entire foundation of customer trust and assurance, is undermined.

	= Conclusion =		= Conclusion =

Joachim Bach at 17:58, 21 June 2017

2017-06-21T17:58:15Z

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	Within project management, quality is a key parameter governing the success of a firm. Quality is defined as “The degree to which a set of inherent characteristics fulfils requirements” (Winch 2010), the specific requirements to be fulfilled are themselves hard to define accurately and poses a problem in construction. An attempt to accurately define goals on how a building is well-built have been made by Vitruvius, which state that a building should consist of “Utilitas, Firmitas” and “Venustas”, which is translated to “Utility, Strength” and “Beauty”, utility meaning that a building should be usable, strength meaning it should be durable and Beauty meaning buildings should be aesthetically pleasing. Using these as guidance, quality could be interpreted as the interested parties’ ability to fulfill these three goals. After goals are specified, assurance that conformance of quality level will be obtained is beneficial for ensuring trust between stakeholders, and is therefore an important factor cultivating, successful, collaboration.		Within project management, quality is a key parameter governing the success of a firm. Quality is defined as “The degree to which a set of inherent characteristics fulfils requirements” (Winch 2010), the specific requirements to be fulfilled are themselves hard to define accurately and poses a problem in construction. An attempt to accurately define goals on how a building is well-built have been made by Vitruvius, which state that a building should consist of “Utilitas, Firmitas” and “Venustas”, which is translated to “Utility, Strength” and “Beauty”, utility meaning that a building should be usable, strength meaning it should be durable and Beauty meaning buildings should be aesthetically pleasing. Using these as guidance, quality could be interpreted as the interested parties’ ability to fulfill these three goals. After goals are specified, assurance that conformance of quality level will be obtained is beneficial for ensuring trust between stakeholders, and is therefore an important factor cultivating, successful, collaboration.
	[[File:Quality_assurance.jpg\|thumb\|3200px]]		[[File:Quality_assurance.jpg\|thumb\|3200px\| For image see: http://www.spgl.eu/images/img_construction.jpg]]
	= Quality management systems =		= Quality management systems =

Joachim Bach at 17:56, 21 June 2017

2017-06-21T17:56:40Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:56, 21 June 2017
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	Within project management, quality is a key parameter governing the success of a firm. Quality is defined as “The degree to which a set of inherent characteristics fulfils requirements” (Winch 2010), the specific requirements to be fulfilled are themselves hard to define accurately and poses a problem in construction. An attempt to accurately define goals on how a building is well-built have been made by Vitruvius, which state that a building should consist of “Utilitas, Firmitas” and “Venustas”, which is translated to “Utility, Strength” and “Beauty”, utility meaning that a building should be usable, strength meaning it should be durable and Beauty meaning buildings should be aesthetically pleasing. Using these as guidance, quality could be interpreted as the interested parties’ ability to fulfill these three goals. After goals are specified, assurance that conformance of quality level will be obtained is beneficial for ensuring trust between stakeholders, and is therefore an important factor cultivating, successful, collaboration.		Within project management, quality is a key parameter governing the success of a firm. Quality is defined as “The degree to which a set of inherent characteristics fulfils requirements” (Winch 2010), the specific requirements to be fulfilled are themselves hard to define accurately and poses a problem in construction. An attempt to accurately define goals on how a building is well-built have been made by Vitruvius, which state that a building should consist of “Utilitas, Firmitas” and “Venustas”, which is translated to “Utility, Strength” and “Beauty”, utility meaning that a building should be usable, strength meaning it should be durable and Beauty meaning buildings should be aesthetically pleasing. Using these as guidance, quality could be interpreted as the interested parties’ ability to fulfill these three goals. After goals are specified, assurance that conformance of quality level will be obtained is beneficial for ensuring trust between stakeholders, and is therefore an important factor cultivating, successful, collaboration.
	[[File:Quality_assurance.jpg\|thumb\|~~1600px~~]]		[[File:Quality_assurance.jpg\|thumb\|3200px]]
	= Quality management systems =		= Quality management systems =

Joachim Bach at 17:56, 21 June 2017

2017-06-21T17:56:24Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:56, 21 June 2017
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	Within project management, quality is a key parameter governing the success of a firm. Quality is defined as “The degree to which a set of inherent characteristics fulfils requirements” (Winch 2010), the specific requirements to be fulfilled are themselves hard to define accurately and poses a problem in construction. An attempt to accurately define goals on how a building is well-built have been made by Vitruvius, which state that a building should consist of “Utilitas, Firmitas” and “Venustas”, which is translated to “Utility, Strength” and “Beauty”, utility meaning that a building should be usable, strength meaning it should be durable and Beauty meaning buildings should be aesthetically pleasing. Using these as guidance, quality could be interpreted as the interested parties’ ability to fulfill these three goals. After goals are specified, assurance that conformance of quality level will be obtained is beneficial for ensuring trust between stakeholders, and is therefore an important factor cultivating, successful, collaboration.		Within project management, quality is a key parameter governing the success of a firm. Quality is defined as “The degree to which a set of inherent characteristics fulfils requirements” (Winch 2010), the specific requirements to be fulfilled are themselves hard to define accurately and poses a problem in construction. An attempt to accurately define goals on how a building is well-built have been made by Vitruvius, which state that a building should consist of “Utilitas, Firmitas” and “Venustas”, which is translated to “Utility, Strength” and “Beauty”, utility meaning that a building should be usable, strength meaning it should be durable and Beauty meaning buildings should be aesthetically pleasing. Using these as guidance, quality could be interpreted as the interested parties’ ability to fulfill these three goals. After goals are specified, assurance that conformance of quality level will be obtained is beneficial for ensuring trust between stakeholders, and is therefore an important factor cultivating, successful, collaboration.
	[[File:Quality_assurance.jpg\|thumb\|~~800px~~]]		[[File:Quality_assurance.jpg\|thumb\|1600px]]
	= Quality management systems =		= Quality management systems =

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:17, 21 June 2017
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	Within project management, quality is a key parameter governing the success of a firm. Quality is defined as “The degree to which a set of inherent characteristics ~~fulfils~~ requirements” (Winch 2010), the specific requirements to be fulfilled are themselves hard to define accurately and poses a problem in construction. An attempt to accurately define goals on how a building is well-built have been made by Vitruvius, which state that a building should consist of “Utilitas, Firmitas” and “Venustas”, which is translated to “Utility, Strength” and “Beauty”, utility meaning that a building should be usable, strength meaning it should be durable and Beauty meaning buildings should be aesthetically pleasing. Using these as guidance, quality could be interpreted as the interested parties’ ability to fulfill these three goals. After goals are specified, assurance that conformance of quality level will be obtained is beneficial for ensuring trust between stakeholders, and is therefore an important factor cultivating, successful, collaboration.		Within project management, quality is a key parameter governing the success of a firm. Quality is defined as “The degree to which a set of inherent characteristics fulfills requirements” (Winch 2010), the specific requirements to be fulfilled are themselves hard to define accurately and poses a problem in construction. An attempt to accurately define goals on how a building is well-built have been made by Vitruvius, which state that a building should consist of “Utilitas, Firmitas” and “Venustas”, which is translated to “Utility, Strength” and “Beauty”, utility meaning that a building should be usable, strength meaning it should be durable and Beauty meaning buildings should be aesthetically pleasing. Using these as guidance, quality could be interpreted as the interested parties’ ability to fulfill these three goals. After goals are specified, assurance that conformance of quality level will be obtained is beneficial for ensuring trust between stakeholders, and is therefore an important factor cultivating, successful, collaboration.
	[[File:Quality_assurance.jpg\|thumb\|3200px\| '''Figure 1''' For image see: http://www.spgl.eu/images/img_construction.jpg]]		[[File:Quality_assurance.jpg\|thumb\|3200px\| '''Figure 1:''' For image see: http://www.spgl.eu/images/img_construction.jpg]]
	= Quality management systems =		= Quality management systems =

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	== Why is quality assurance important? ==		== Why is quality assurance important? ==
	[[File:Golf tdi.JPG\|thumb\|400px\|'''Figure 2''' Volkswagen Golf TDI 2.0 at a car exhibit, displaying the clean diesel brand <ref> Figure from wikicommons, link https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:VW_Golf_TDI_Clean_Diesel_WAS_2010_8981.JPG </ref>]]		[[File:Golf tdi.JPG\|thumb\|400px\|'''Figure 2:''' Volkswagen Golf TDI 2.0 at a car exhibit, displaying the clean diesel brand <ref> Figure from wikicommons, link https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:VW_Golf_TDI_Clean_Diesel_WAS_2010_8981.JPG </ref>]]
	In modern society quality products are becoming more available to the public. This increases the customer expectations with regards to quality and performance. Requirements for performance can have a variety of characteristics, such as environmental, resource or safety related. The capability of organizations to fulfill these requirements, is challenged. When failure to conform to quality requirements is present, organizations reputations and trust is decreased. These two factors, customer trust, and organizational reputation plays an increasingly important role for organizations. To give an example, consider the Volkswagen emission scandal in 2015.		In modern society quality products are becoming more available to the public. This increases the customer expectations with regards to quality and performance. Requirements for performance can have a variety of characteristics, such as environmental, resource or safety related. The capability of organizations to fulfill these requirements, is challenged. When failure to conform to quality requirements is present, organizations reputations and trust is decreased. These two factors, customer trust, and organizational reputation plays an increasingly important role for organizations. To give an example, consider the Volkswagen emission scandal in 2015.

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	== Three main types of systems ==		== Three main types of systems ==
	[[File:CCM Logo.jpg\|thumb\|400px\|'''Figure 3''' Certified Construction Manager or short CCM is the only certification accredited by the American National Standard Institute, (ANSI) under ISO-17024]]		[[File:CCM Logo.jpg\|thumb\|400px\|'''Figure 3:''' Certified Construction Manager or short CCM is the only certification accredited by the American National Standard Institute, (ANSI) under ISO-17024]]
	Quality assurance systems can be characterized into three main categories.		Quality assurance systems can be characterized into three main categories.
	* First-party system		* First-party system
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	== Commissioning as quality assurance ==		== Commissioning as quality assurance ==
	[[File:Commissioning.PNG\|thumb\|400px\|'''Figure 4''' Illustrative sketch of commissioning effects and maintenance costs with and without commissioning. x-axis shows years after the building has been taken into use, while the y-axis shows maintenance costs. The light blue color indicates regular costs without performing commissioning, dark blue without commissioning but with some usage and light pink with commissioning. Sketch taken from <ref name="Commissioning"> "Commissioning process", Vaerdibyg.dk 2013, in collaboration with organizations; Dansk byggeri, Bat-kartellet, Bygherre foreningen, Danske Arkitekt Virksomheder, DI Byg, Foreningen af Rådgivende ingeniører, TEKNIQ installatørernes organisation, link: http://www.vaerdibyg.dk/index.php?option=com_docman&task=doc_view&gid=156&Itemid= </ref>. ]]		[[File:Commissioning.PNG\|thumb\|400px\|'''Figure 4:''' Illustrative sketch of commissioning effects and maintenance costs with and without commissioning. x-axis shows years after the building has been taken into use, while the y-axis shows maintenance costs. The light blue color indicates regular costs without performing commissioning, dark blue without commissioning but with some usage and light pink with commissioning. Sketch taken from <ref name="Commissioning"> "Commissioning process", Vaerdibyg.dk 2013, in collaboration with organizations; Dansk byggeri, Bat-kartellet, Bygherre foreningen, Danske Arkitekt Virksomheder, DI Byg, Foreningen af Rådgivende ingeniører, TEKNIQ installatørernes organisation, link: http://www.vaerdibyg.dk/index.php?option=com_docman&task=doc_view&gid=156&Itemid= </ref>. ]]

	Commissioning originates from quality assurance of ships. Commissioning is conducted on all mayor ships before venturing out on the open sea, in order to ensure quality standards are met. In recent years, commissioning have been tested on building projects as an attempt to lower costs arising from late delivery, budget overruns, fault correcting, etc. Furthermore, it goals was to optimize customer satisfaction levels, together with more accurate budget predictions.		Commissioning originates from quality assurance of ships. Commissioning is conducted on all mayor ships before venturing out on the open sea, in order to ensure quality standards are met. In recent years, commissioning have been tested on building projects as an attempt to lower costs arising from late delivery, budget overruns, fault correcting, etc. Furthermore, it goals was to optimize customer satisfaction levels, together with more accurate budget predictions.
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	== EFQM and the European Quality award ==		== EFQM and the European Quality award ==
	[[File:Basicmodel.PNG\|thumb\|400px\|'''Figure 5''' European Foundation of Quality Management, the basic model, illustrating focus points for achieving high quality performance, figure from <ref name="efqm.org"> The basic EFQM excellence model, seen on http://www.efqm.org/efqm-model/efqm-model-in-action/strategy on 21/06/2017. </ref>]]		[[File:Basicmodel.PNG\|thumb\|400px\|'''Figure 5:''' European Foundation of Quality Management, the basic model, illustrating focus points for achieving high quality performance, figure from <ref name="efqm.org"> The basic EFQM excellence model, seen on http://www.efqm.org/efqm-model/efqm-model-in-action/strategy on 21/06/2017. </ref>]]

	The European Quality Award is an award granted to companies, organizations, firms and other professionals excelling in producing high quality services or products. The award is one part of the European Foundation for Quality Management, which is an organization providing the framework for establishing criteria suitable for determining which organizations is worthy of the award. There are multiple more or less detailed versions of this framework, for illustrative purposes the following outlines the freely available basic model, see figure XX, which provides an insight into how quality assurance through certification can be achieved.		The European Quality Award is an award granted to companies, organizations, firms and other professionals excelling in producing high quality services or products. The award is one part of the European Foundation for Quality Management, which is an organization providing the framework for establishing criteria suitable for determining which organizations is worthy of the award. There are multiple more or less detailed versions of this framework, for illustrative purposes the following outlines the freely available basic model, see figure XX, which provides an insight into how quality assurance through certification can be achieved.
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	== Project excellence ==		== Project excellence ==
	[[File:EFQM.PNG\|thumb\|400px\|'''Figure 6''' International Project management association, (IPMA) basic model for ranking organizations against each other. Taken from <ref name="Winch"> </ref> page 335, figure 12.8]]		[[File:EFQM.PNG\|thumb\|400px\|'''Figure 6:''' International Project management association, (IPMA) basic model for ranking organizations against each other. Taken from <ref name="Winch"> </ref> page 335, figure 12.8]]
	The figure to the right shows a schematic overview of the project excellence award. Organizations are primarily judged on two different aspects, project management and results. The following outlines an explanation of the weighing and what aspects are covered.		The figure to the right shows a schematic overview of the project excellence award. Organizations are primarily judged on two different aspects, project management and results. The following outlines an explanation of the weighing and what aspects are covered.

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:16, 21 June 2017
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	Within project management, quality is a key parameter governing the success of a firm. Quality is defined as “The degree to which a set of inherent characteristics fulfils requirements” (Winch 2010), the specific requirements to be fulfilled are themselves hard to define accurately and poses a problem in construction. An attempt to accurately define goals on how a building is well-built have been made by Vitruvius, which state that a building should consist of “Utilitas, Firmitas” and “Venustas”, which is translated to “Utility, Strength” and “Beauty”, utility meaning that a building should be usable, strength meaning it should be durable and Beauty meaning buildings should be aesthetically pleasing. Using these as guidance, quality could be interpreted as the interested parties’ ability to fulfill these three goals. After goals are specified, assurance that conformance of quality level will be obtained is beneficial for ensuring trust between stakeholders, and is therefore an important factor cultivating, successful, collaboration.		Within project management, quality is a key parameter governing the success of a firm. Quality is defined as “The degree to which a set of inherent characteristics fulfils requirements” (Winch 2010), the specific requirements to be fulfilled are themselves hard to define accurately and poses a problem in construction. An attempt to accurately define goals on how a building is well-built have been made by Vitruvius, which state that a building should consist of “Utilitas, Firmitas” and “Venustas”, which is translated to “Utility, Strength” and “Beauty”, utility meaning that a building should be usable, strength meaning it should be durable and Beauty meaning buildings should be aesthetically pleasing. Using these as guidance, quality could be interpreted as the interested parties’ ability to fulfill these three goals. After goals are specified, assurance that conformance of quality level will be obtained is beneficial for ensuring trust between stakeholders, and is therefore an important factor cultivating, successful, collaboration.
	[[File:Quality_assurance.jpg\|thumb\|3200px\| For image see: http://www.spgl.eu/images/img_construction.jpg]]		[[File:Quality_assurance.jpg\|thumb\|3200px\| '''Figure 1''' For image see: http://www.spgl.eu/images/img_construction.jpg]]
	= Quality management systems =		= Quality management systems =

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	== Why is quality assurance important? ==		== Why is quality assurance important? ==
	[[File:Golf tdi.JPG\|thumb\|400px\|Volkswagen Golf TDI 2.0 at a car exhibit, displaying the clean diesel brand <ref> Figure from wikicommons, link https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:VW_Golf_TDI_Clean_Diesel_WAS_2010_8981.JPG </ref>]]		[[File:Golf tdi.JPG\|thumb\|400px\|'''Figure 2''' Volkswagen Golf TDI 2.0 at a car exhibit, displaying the clean diesel brand <ref> Figure from wikicommons, link https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:VW_Golf_TDI_Clean_Diesel_WAS_2010_8981.JPG </ref>]]
	In modern society quality products are becoming more available to the public. This increases the customer expectations with regards to quality and performance. Requirements for performance can have a variety of characteristics, such as environmental, resource or safety related. The capability of organizations to fulfill these requirements, is challenged. When failure to conform to quality requirements is present, organizations reputations and trust is decreased. These two factors, customer trust, and organizational reputation plays an increasingly important role for organizations. To give an example, consider the Volkswagen emission scandal in 2015.		In modern society quality products are becoming more available to the public. This increases the customer expectations with regards to quality and performance. Requirements for performance can have a variety of characteristics, such as environmental, resource or safety related. The capability of organizations to fulfill these requirements, is challenged. When failure to conform to quality requirements is present, organizations reputations and trust is decreased. These two factors, customer trust, and organizational reputation plays an increasingly important role for organizations. To give an example, consider the Volkswagen emission scandal in 2015.

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	== Three main types of systems ==		== Three main types of systems ==
	[[File:CCM Logo.jpg\|thumb\|400px\|Certified Construction Manager or short CCM is the only certification accredited by the American National Standard Institute, (ANSI) under ISO-17024]]		[[File:CCM Logo.jpg\|thumb\|400px\|'''Figure 3''' Certified Construction Manager or short CCM is the only certification accredited by the American National Standard Institute, (ANSI) under ISO-17024]]
	Quality assurance systems can be characterized into three main categories.		Quality assurance systems can be characterized into three main categories.
	* First-party system		* First-party system
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	== Commissioning as quality assurance ==		== Commissioning as quality assurance ==
	[[File:Commissioning.PNG\|thumb\|400px\|Illustrative sketch of commissioning effects and maintenance costs with and without commissioning. x-axis shows years after the building has been taken into use, while the y-axis shows maintenance costs. The light blue color indicates regular costs without performing commissioning, dark blue without commissioning but with some usage and light pink with commissioning. Sketch taken from <ref name="Commissioning"> "Commissioning process", Vaerdibyg.dk 2013, in collaboration with organizations; Dansk byggeri, Bat-kartellet, Bygherre foreningen, Danske Arkitekt Virksomheder, DI Byg, Foreningen af Rådgivende ingeniører, TEKNIQ installatørernes organisation, link: http://www.vaerdibyg.dk/index.php?option=com_docman&task=doc_view&gid=156&Itemid= </ref>. ]]		[[File:Commissioning.PNG\|thumb\|400px\|'''Figure 4''' Illustrative sketch of commissioning effects and maintenance costs with and without commissioning. x-axis shows years after the building has been taken into use, while the y-axis shows maintenance costs. The light blue color indicates regular costs without performing commissioning, dark blue without commissioning but with some usage and light pink with commissioning. Sketch taken from <ref name="Commissioning"> "Commissioning process", Vaerdibyg.dk 2013, in collaboration with organizations; Dansk byggeri, Bat-kartellet, Bygherre foreningen, Danske Arkitekt Virksomheder, DI Byg, Foreningen af Rådgivende ingeniører, TEKNIQ installatørernes organisation, link: http://www.vaerdibyg.dk/index.php?option=com_docman&task=doc_view&gid=156&Itemid= </ref>. ]]

	Commissioning originates from quality assurance of ships. Commissioning is conducted on all mayor ships before venturing out on the open sea, in order to ensure quality standards are met. In recent years, commissioning have been tested on building projects as an attempt to lower costs arising from late delivery, budget overruns, fault correcting, etc. Furthermore, it goals was to optimize customer satisfaction levels, together with more accurate budget predictions.		Commissioning originates from quality assurance of ships. Commissioning is conducted on all mayor ships before venturing out on the open sea, in order to ensure quality standards are met. In recent years, commissioning have been tested on building projects as an attempt to lower costs arising from late delivery, budget overruns, fault correcting, etc. Furthermore, it goals was to optimize customer satisfaction levels, together with more accurate budget predictions.
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	== EFQM and the European Quality award ==		== EFQM and the European Quality award ==
	[[File:Basicmodel.PNG\|thumb\|400px\|European Foundation of Quality Management, the basic model, illustrating focus points for achieving high quality performance, figure from <ref name="efqm.org"> The basic EFQM excellence model, seen on http://www.efqm.org/efqm-model/efqm-model-in-action/strategy on 21/06/2017. </ref>]]		[[File:Basicmodel.PNG\|thumb\|400px\|'''Figure 5''' European Foundation of Quality Management, the basic model, illustrating focus points for achieving high quality performance, figure from <ref name="efqm.org"> The basic EFQM excellence model, seen on http://www.efqm.org/efqm-model/efqm-model-in-action/strategy on 21/06/2017. </ref>]]

	The European Quality Award is an award granted to companies, organizations, firms and other professionals excelling in producing high quality services or products. The award is one part of the European Foundation for Quality Management, which is an organization providing the framework for establishing criteria suitable for determining which organizations is worthy of the award. There are multiple more or less detailed versions of this framework, for illustrative purposes the following outlines the freely available basic model, see figure XX, which provides an insight into how quality assurance through certification can be achieved.		The European Quality Award is an award granted to companies, organizations, firms and other professionals excelling in producing high quality services or products. The award is one part of the European Foundation for Quality Management, which is an organization providing the framework for establishing criteria suitable for determining which organizations is worthy of the award. There are multiple more or less detailed versions of this framework, for illustrative purposes the following outlines the freely available basic model, see figure XX, which provides an insight into how quality assurance through certification can be achieved.
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	== Project excellence ==		== Project excellence ==
	[[File:EFQM.PNG\|thumb\|400px\|~~Internation~~ Project management association, (IPMA) basic model for ranking organizations against each other. Taken from <ref name="Winch"> </ref> page 335, figure 12.8]]		[[File:EFQM.PNG\|thumb\|400px\|'''Figure 6''' International Project management association, (IPMA) basic model for ranking organizations against each other. Taken from <ref name="Winch"> </ref> page 335, figure 12.8]]
	The figure to the right shows a schematic overview of the project excellence award. Organizations are primarily judged on two different aspects, project management and results. The following outlines an explanation of the weighing and what aspects are covered.		The figure to the right shows a schematic overview of the project excellence award. Organizations are primarily judged on two different aspects, project management and results. The following outlines an explanation of the weighing and what aspects are covered.