Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs and Project Management - Revision history

Furkan: /* Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs */

2019-03-04T22:51:19Z

Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs

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	[[File:Maslow's hierarchy of needs.png\|frameless\|center\|1000px]]Figure 1: Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs <ref name="Mass">Maslow hierarchy of needs DTU Wiki Article. http://apppm.man.dtu.dk/index.php/Maslow_hierarchy_of_needs</ref>		[[File:Maslow's hierarchy of needs.png\|frameless\|center\|1000px]]Figure 1: Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs <ref name="Mass">Maslow hierarchy of needs DTU Wiki Article. http://apppm.man.dtu.dk/index.php/Maslow_hierarchy_of_needs</ref>
	Abraham Harold Maslow, (April 1, 1908 – June 8, 1970) who was an American psychologist, wrote the “Hierarchy of Needs” theory. He studied human motivation and successful people’s life such as Albert Einstein, Jane Addams, Eleanor Roosevelt, and Frederick Douglas. Maslow argued that humans are motivated with unsatisfied needs and more basic needs should be satisfied before more complex needs. There are five different types of needs in his pyramid, which are physiological, safety, love/belonging, esteem, self-actualization needs.<ref name="ex">A. Sarma, A. Van Der Hoek, “A Need Hierarchy for Teams” Exch. Organ. Behav. Teach. J., pp. 1–5, 2004.</ref>		Abraham Harold Maslow, (April 1, 1908 – June 8, 1970) who was an American psychologist, wrote the “Hierarchy of Needs” theory. He studied human motivation and successful people’s life such as Albert Einstein, Jane Addams, Eleanor Roosevelt, and Frederick Douglas. Maslow argued that humans are motivated with unsatisfied needs and more basic needs should be satisfied before more complex needs. There are five different types of needs in his pyramid, which are physiological, safety, love/belonging, esteem, self-actualization needs.<ref name="ex">A. Sarma, A. Van Der Hoek, “A Need Hierarchy for Teams” Exch. Organ. Behav. Teach. J., pp. 1–5, 2004.</ref>
	Many behaviors can be explained by our needs, and human life is going through satisfying these needs. To explain this theory better, needs are explained more detailly. Although Maslow's hierarchy of needs seems concrete, human is a complex mechanism. As Maslow accepted that people could feel and satisfy a different kind of needs at the same time. Maslow state that "In actual fact, most members of our society who are normal, are partially satisfied in all their basic needs and partially unsatisfied in all their basic needs at the same time. A more realistic description of the hierarchy would be in terms of decreasing percentages of satisfaction as we go up the hierarchy of prepotency. For instance, if I may assign arbitrary figures for the sake of illustration, it is as if the average citizen is satisfied perhaps 85 percent in his physiological needs, 70 percent in his safety needs, 50 percent in his love needs, 40 percent in his self-esteem needs, and 10 percent in his self-actualization needs."<ref name="sta">A Theory of Human Motivation, A. H. Maslow (1943), Originally Published in Psychological Review, 370-396.</ref> Therefore, a more flexible and dynamic hierarchy of needs can be drawn.[[File:Hon.png\|thumb\|right\|500px\|Figure 2: Dynamic Hierarchy of Needs<ref name="dhn">Inspired From Dynamic Hierarchy of Needs of Abraham Maslow referring to Krech, D./Crutchfield, R. S./Ballachey, E. L. (1962), Individual in society, Tokyo etc. 1962, S. 77, required sharing permission is given by creator of this picture, Philipp Guttmann </ref>]] Maslow also stated that many behaviors have more than one ~~motivations~~. He noted that “any behavior tends to be determined by several or all of the basic needs simultaneously rather than by only one of them.”<ref name="hem">Maslow, A,H., Motivation and Personality. 3rd edition 1987, HarperCollins Publishers, 71.</ref>		Many behaviors can be explained by our needs, and human life is going through satisfying these needs. To explain this theory better, needs are explained more detailly. Although Maslow's hierarchy of needs seems concrete, human is a complex mechanism. As Maslow accepted that people could feel and satisfy a different kind of needs at the same time. Maslow state that "In actual fact, most members of our society who are normal, are partially satisfied in all their basic needs and partially unsatisfied in all their basic needs at the same time. A more realistic description of the hierarchy would be in terms of decreasing percentages of satisfaction as we go up the hierarchy of prepotency. For instance, if I may assign arbitrary figures for the sake of illustration, it is as if the average citizen is satisfied perhaps 85 percent in his physiological needs, 70 percent in his safety needs, 50 percent in his love needs, 40 percent in his self-esteem needs, and 10 percent in his self-actualization needs."<ref name="sta">A Theory of Human Motivation, A. H. Maslow (1943), Originally Published in Psychological Review, 370-396.</ref> Therefore, a more flexible and dynamic hierarchy of needs can be drawn.[[File:Hon.png\|thumb\|right\|500px\|Figure 2: Dynamic Hierarchy of Needs<ref name="dhn">Inspired From Dynamic Hierarchy of Needs of Abraham Maslow referring to Krech, D./Crutchfield, R. S./Ballachey, E. L. (1962), Individual in society, Tokyo etc. 1962, S. 77, required sharing permission is given by creator of this picture, Philipp Guttmann </ref>]] Maslow also stated that many behaviors have more than one motivation. He noted that “any behavior tends to be determined by several or all of the basic needs simultaneously rather than by only one of them.”<ref name="hem">Maslow, A,H., Motivation and Personality. 3rd edition 1987, HarperCollins Publishers, 71.</ref>
	====Physiological Needs====		====Physiological Needs====
	Physiological needs are survival and universal for the human. In order to ~~have motivation~~ for higher needs, physiological needs must be satisfied primarily. Eating food, drinking water, breathing air, sleeping, etc. can be given as examples. When these needs are not satisfied, people cannot think or be motivated about other topics.<ref name="ex">A. Sarma, A. Van Der Hoek, “A Need Hierarchy for Teams” Exch. Organ. Behav. Teach. J., pp. 1–5, 2004.</ref>		Physiological needs are survival and universal for the human. In order to be motivated for higher needs, physiological needs must be satisfied primarily. Eating food, drinking water, breathing air, sleeping, etc. can be given as examples. When these needs are not satisfied, people cannot think or be motivated about other topics.<ref name="ex">A. Sarma, A. Van Der Hoek, “A Need Hierarchy for Teams” Exch. Organ. Behav. Teach. J., pp. 1–5, 2004.</ref>

	====Safety Needs====		====Safety Needs====

Furkan: /* Abstract */

2019-03-04T22:39:05Z

Abstract

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	Using this theory helps to write the hierarchy of needs for project managers. The project manager is the person assigned by the performing organization to lead the team that is responsible for achieving the project objectives.<ref name="obj">Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge, Project management Institute (PMBOK® Guide) (6th Edition) part 3 page 716</ref> It means project managers are directly in contact with their team as a leader or manager. Therefore, they need to know their team’s needs for managing and motivating them through the project aims. Although Maslow developed his theory for explaining individual human behavior and motivation, in this article project management teams are evaluated as an individual because they consist of individuals and their cooperation.		Using this theory helps to write the hierarchy of needs for project managers. The project manager is the person assigned by the performing organization to lead the team that is responsible for achieving the project objectives.<ref name="obj">Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge, Project management Institute (PMBOK® Guide) (6th Edition) part 3 page 716</ref> It means project managers are directly in contact with their team as a leader or manager. Therefore, they need to know their team’s needs for managing and motivating them through the project aims. Although Maslow developed his theory for explaining individual human behavior and motivation, in this article project management teams are evaluated as an individual because they consist of individuals and their cooperation.


	There are two different purposes for this article. The first aim is showing the linkage between project management and Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory and the second is helping project managers to understand their team’s needs and motivate the team. By gratifying the needs of the project team, the project manager can efficiently manage the project. Because in the case of dissatisfaction of basic needs, the project team might not be efficient and creative.		There are two different purposes for this article. The first aim is showing the linkage between project management and Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory and the second is helping project managers to understand their team’s needs and motivate the team. By gratifying the needs of the project team, the project manager can efficiently manage the project. Because in the case of dissatisfaction of basic needs, the project team might not be efficient and creative.


	According to the latest studies, Maslow's hierarchy of needs is more applicable to individualistic societies<ref name="liz">Hofstede, G. (1984). "The cultural relativity of the quality of life concept", Academy of Management Review, Vol 9 No3, pages 389–398. </ref> and the needs should be evaluated as nested circles instead of steps<ref name="ste">Tay, L., & Diener, E. (2011). Needs and subjective well-being around the world. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 101(2), 354-356. doi:10.1037/a00		According to the latest studies, Maslow's hierarchy of needs is more applicable to individualistic societies<ref name="liz">Hofstede, G. (1984). "The cultural relativity of the quality of life concept", Academy of Management Review, Vol 9 No3, pages 389–398. </ref> and the needs should be evaluated as nested circles instead of steps<ref name="ste">Tay, L., & Diener, E. (2011). Needs and subjective well-being around the world. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 101(2), 354-356. doi:10.1037/a00

Furkan: /* Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs */

2019-03-04T22:38:34Z

Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs

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	[[File:Maslow's hierarchy of needs.png\|frameless\|center\|1000px]]Figure 1: Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs <ref name="Mass">Maslow hierarchy of needs DTU Wiki Article. http://apppm.man.dtu.dk/index.php/Maslow_hierarchy_of_needs</ref>		[[File:Maslow's hierarchy of needs.png\|frameless\|center\|1000px]]Figure 1: Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs <ref name="Mass">Maslow hierarchy of needs DTU Wiki Article. http://apppm.man.dtu.dk/index.php/Maslow_hierarchy_of_needs</ref>
	Abraham Harold Maslow, (April 1, 1908 – June 8, 1970) who was an American psychologist, wrote the “Hierarchy of Needs” theory. He studied human motivation and successful people’s life such as Albert Einstein, Jane Addams, Eleanor Roosevelt, and Frederick Douglas. Maslow argued that humans are motivated with unsatisfied needs and more basic needs should be satisfied before more complex needs. There are five different types of needs in his pyramid, which are physiological, safety, love/belonging, esteem, self-actualization needs.<ref name="ex">A. Sarma, A. Van Der Hoek, “A Need Hierarchy for Teams” Exch. Organ. Behav. Teach. J., pp. 1–5, 2004.</ref>		Abraham Harold Maslow, (April 1, 1908 – June 8, 1970) who was an American psychologist, wrote the “Hierarchy of Needs” theory. He studied human motivation and successful people’s life such as Albert Einstein, Jane Addams, Eleanor Roosevelt, and Frederick Douglas. Maslow argued that humans are motivated with unsatisfied needs and more basic needs should be satisfied before more complex needs. There are five different types of needs in his pyramid, which are physiological, safety, love/belonging, esteem, self-actualization needs.<ref name="ex">A. Sarma, A. Van Der Hoek, “A Need Hierarchy for Teams” Exch. Organ. Behav. Teach. J., pp. 1–5, 2004.</ref>
	~~People should fulfill these needs step by step.~~ Many behaviors can be explained by our needs, and human life is going through satisfying these needs. To explain this theory better, needs are explained more detailly. Although Maslow's hierarchy of needs seems concrete, human is a complex mechanism. As Maslow accepted that people could feel and satisfy a different kind of needs at the same time. Maslow state that "In actual fact, most members of our society who are normal, are partially satisfied in all their basic needs and partially unsatisfied in all their basic needs at the same time. A more realistic description of the hierarchy would be in terms of decreasing percentages of satisfaction as we go up the hierarchy of prepotency. For instance, if I may assign arbitrary figures for the sake of illustration, it is as if the average citizen is satisfied perhaps 85 percent in his physiological needs, 70 percent in his safety needs, 50 percent in his love needs, 40 percent in his self-esteem needs, and 10 percent in his self-actualization needs."<ref name="sta">A Theory of Human Motivation, A. H. Maslow (1943), Originally Published in Psychological Review, 370-396.</ref> Therefore, a more flexible and dynamic hierarchy of needs can be drawn.[[File:Hon.png\|thumb\|right\|500px\|Figure 2: Dynamic Hierarchy of Needs<ref name="dhn">Inspired From Dynamic Hierarchy of Needs of Abraham Maslow referring to Krech, D./Crutchfield, R. S./Ballachey, E. L. (1962), Individual in society, Tokyo etc. 1962, S. 77, required sharing permission is given by creator of this picture, Philipp Guttmann </ref>]] Maslow also stated that many behaviors have more than one motivations. He noted that “any behavior tends to be determined by several or all of the basic needs simultaneously rather than by only one of them.”<ref name="hem">Maslow, A,H., Motivation and Personality. 3rd edition 1987, HarperCollins Publishers, 71.</ref>		Many behaviors can be explained by our needs, and human life is going through satisfying these needs. To explain this theory better, needs are explained more detailly. Although Maslow's hierarchy of needs seems concrete, human is a complex mechanism. As Maslow accepted that people could feel and satisfy a different kind of needs at the same time. Maslow state that "In actual fact, most members of our society who are normal, are partially satisfied in all their basic needs and partially unsatisfied in all their basic needs at the same time. A more realistic description of the hierarchy would be in terms of decreasing percentages of satisfaction as we go up the hierarchy of prepotency. For instance, if I may assign arbitrary figures for the sake of illustration, it is as if the average citizen is satisfied perhaps 85 percent in his physiological needs, 70 percent in his safety needs, 50 percent in his love needs, 40 percent in his self-esteem needs, and 10 percent in his self-actualization needs."<ref name="sta">A Theory of Human Motivation, A. H. Maslow (1943), Originally Published in Psychological Review, 370-396.</ref> Therefore, a more flexible and dynamic hierarchy of needs can be drawn.[[File:Hon.png\|thumb\|right\|500px\|Figure 2: Dynamic Hierarchy of Needs<ref name="dhn">Inspired From Dynamic Hierarchy of Needs of Abraham Maslow referring to Krech, D./Crutchfield, R. S./Ballachey, E. L. (1962), Individual in society, Tokyo etc. 1962, S. 77, required sharing permission is given by creator of this picture, Philipp Guttmann </ref>]] Maslow also stated that many behaviors have more than one motivations. He noted that “any behavior tends to be determined by several or all of the basic needs simultaneously rather than by only one of them.”<ref name="hem">Maslow, A,H., Motivation and Personality. 3rd edition 1987, HarperCollins Publishers, 71.</ref>
	====Physiological Needs====		====Physiological Needs====
	Physiological needs are survival and universal for the human. In order to have motivation for higher needs, physiological needs must be satisfied primarily. Eating food, drinking water, breathing air, sleeping, etc. can be given as examples. When these needs are not satisfied, people cannot think or be motivated about other topics.<ref name="ex">A. Sarma, A. Van Der Hoek, “A Need Hierarchy for Teams” Exch. Organ. Behav. Teach. J., pp. 1–5, 2004.</ref>		Physiological needs are survival and universal for the human. In order to have motivation for higher needs, physiological needs must be satisfied primarily. Eating food, drinking water, breathing air, sleeping, etc. can be given as examples. When these needs are not satisfied, people cannot think or be motivated about other topics.<ref name="ex">A. Sarma, A. Van Der Hoek, “A Need Hierarchy for Teams” Exch. Organ. Behav. Teach. J., pp. 1–5, 2004.</ref>

Furkan: /* Abstract */

2019-03-04T22:35:04Z

Abstract

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	There are two different purposes for this article. The first aim is showing the linkage between project management and Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory and the second is helping project managers to understand their team’s needs and motivate the team. By gratifying the needs of the project team, the project manager can efficiently manage the project. Because in the case of dissatisfaction of basic needs, the project team might not be efficient and creative. According to the latest studies, Maslow's hierarchy of needs is more applicable to individualistic societies<ref name="liz">Hofstede, G. (1984). "The cultural relativity of the quality of life concept", Academy of Management Review, Vol 9 No3, pages 389–398. </ref> and the needs should be evaluated as nested circles instead of steps<ref name="ste">Tay, L., & Diener, E. (2011). Needs and subjective well-being around the world. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 101(2), 354-356. doi:10.1037/a00		There are two different purposes for this article. The first aim is showing the linkage between project management and Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory and the second is helping project managers to understand their team’s needs and motivate the team. By gratifying the needs of the project team, the project manager can efficiently manage the project. Because in the case of dissatisfaction of basic needs, the project team might not be efficient and creative.


			According to the latest studies, Maslow's hierarchy of needs is more applicable to individualistic societies<ref name="liz">Hofstede, G. (1984). "The cultural relativity of the quality of life concept", Academy of Management Review, Vol 9 No3, pages 389–398. </ref> and the needs should be evaluated as nested circles instead of steps<ref name="ste">Tay, L., & Diener, E. (2011). Needs and subjective well-being around the world. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 101(2), 354-356. doi:10.1037/a00
	</ref>. Therefore, project managers should consider these factors and have more flexible motivation strategies for the team regarding their cultural background and their needs. In this paper, there are practical advises that can be deduced from the theory in the “project team needs” chapter.		</ref>. Therefore, project managers should consider these factors and have more flexible motivation strategies for the team regarding their cultural background and their needs. In this paper, there are practical advises that can be deduced from the theory in the “project team needs” chapter.

Furkan: /* Abstract */

2019-03-04T22:32:04Z

Abstract

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	• Self-Actualization		• Self-Actualization

	Using this theory helps to write the hierarchy of needs for project managers. The project manager is the person assigned by the performing organization to lead the team that is responsible for achieving the project objectives.<ref name="obj">Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge, Project management Institute (PMBOK® Guide) (6th Edition) part 3 page 716</ref> It means project managers are directly in contact with their team as a leader or manager. Therefore, they need to know their team’s needs for managing and motivating them through the project aims. Although Maslow developed his theory for explaining individual human ~~behaviour~~ and motivation, in this article project management teams are evaluated as an individual~~. Because~~ they ~~are consisting~~ of individuals and their cooperation.		Using this theory helps to write the hierarchy of needs for project managers. The project manager is the person assigned by the performing organization to lead the team that is responsible for achieving the project objectives.<ref name="obj">Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge, Project management Institute (PMBOK® Guide) (6th Edition) part 3 page 716</ref> It means project managers are directly in contact with their team as a leader or manager. Therefore, they need to know their team’s needs for managing and motivating them through the project aims. Although Maslow developed his theory for explaining individual human behavior and motivation, in this article project management teams are evaluated as an individual because they consist of individuals and their cooperation.

	There are two different purposes of this article. The first aim is showing the linkage between project management and Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory and the second is helping project managers to understand their team’s needs and motivate the team. By gratifying the needs of the project team, the project manager can efficiently manage the project. Because in the case of dissatisfaction of basic needs, the project team might not be efficient and creative. According to the latest studies, Maslow's hierarchy of needs is more applicable to individualistic societies<ref name="liz">Hofstede, G. (1984). "The cultural relativity of the quality of life concept", Academy of Management Review, Vol 9 No3, pages 389–398. </ref> and the needs should be evaluated as nested circles instead of steps<ref name="ste">Tay, L., & Diener, E. (2011). Needs and subjective well-being around the world. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 101(2), 354-356. doi:10.1037/a00
			There are two different purposes for this article. The first aim is showing the linkage between project management and Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory and the second is helping project managers to understand their team’s needs and motivate the team. By gratifying the needs of the project team, the project manager can efficiently manage the project. Because in the case of dissatisfaction of basic needs, the project team might not be efficient and creative. According to the latest studies, Maslow's hierarchy of needs is more applicable to individualistic societies<ref name="liz">Hofstede, G. (1984). "The cultural relativity of the quality of life concept", Academy of Management Review, Vol 9 No3, pages 389–398. </ref> and the needs should be evaluated as nested circles instead of steps<ref name="ste">Tay, L., & Diener, E. (2011). Needs and subjective well-being around the world. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 101(2), 354-356. doi:10.1037/a00
	</ref>. Therefore, project managers should consider these factors and have more flexible motivation strategies for the team regarding their cultural background and their needs. In this paper, there are practical advises that can be deduced from the theory in the “project team needs” chapter.		</ref>. Therefore, project managers should consider these factors and have more flexible motivation strategies for the team regarding their cultural background and their needs. In this paper, there are practical advises that can be deduced from the theory in the “project team needs” chapter.

Furkan: /* Project Team Needs */

2019-03-04T22:25:11Z

Project Team Needs

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	</ol>		</ol>

	Maslow wrote his theory for individual needs and the teams are consisting of many individuals working cooperatively. In order to motivate the team, project managers should know their needs. Project managers should know that "a satisfied need is not a motivator."<ref name="tor">~~Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge~~, ~~Project management Institute (PMBOK® Guide) (6th Edition) part 3 page 716~~</ref>		Maslow wrote his theory for individual needs and the teams are consisting of many individuals working cooperatively. In order to motivate the team, project managers should know their needs. Project managers should know that "a satisfied need is not a motivator."<ref name="tor">Maslow, A,H., Motivation and Personality. 3rd edition 1987, HarperCollins Publishers, 105.</ref> It means that when the project manager satisfied one of the team needs, he or she can not motivate the team with the same need. For example, when the team members earn enough salary for their expectancy, an extra salary increase may not reveal extra motivation. In this chapter, the project team is evaluated as an individual. The purpose of the project team in the project management is achieving project on time, on budget with success.
	~~</ol~~> It means that when the project manager satisfied one of the team needs, he or she can not motivate the team with the same need. For example, when the team members earn enough salary for their expectancy, an extra salary increase may not reveal extra motivation. In this chapter, the project team is evaluated as an individual. The purpose of the project team in the project management is achieving project on time, on budget with success.
	====Physiological Needs====		====Physiological Needs====
	Physiological conditions are essential for the project manager. Project managers should think about their teams’ physiological needs. They should ask themselves related questions like “Are the team members sleeping enough, are they coming work after breakfast, is office cleaned and ventilated?” Physiological conditions of the office are critical. There must be available facilities that team members can eat, drink and rest. It is also important that team members should sleep enough before work.		Physiological conditions are essential for the project manager. Project managers should think about their teams’ physiological needs. They should ask themselves related questions like “Are the team members sleeping enough, are they coming work after breakfast, is office cleaned and ventilated?” Physiological conditions of the office are critical. There must be available facilities that team members can eat, drink and rest. It is also important that team members should sleep enough before work.

Furkan: /* Project Team Needs */

2019-03-04T22:21:28Z

Project Team Needs

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	</ol>		</ol>

	Maslow wrote his theory for individual needs and the teams are consisting of many individuals working cooperatively. In order to motivate the team, project managers should know their needs. ~~Especially~~ the ~~first four steps~~ of the ~~pyramid are directly related to~~ project ~~managers~~. In this chapter, the project team is evaluated as an individual. The purpose of the project team in the project management is achieving project on time, on budget with success.		Maslow wrote his theory for individual needs and the teams are consisting of many individuals working cooperatively. In order to motivate the team, project managers should know their needs. Project managers should know that "a satisfied need is not a motivator."<ref name="tor">Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge, Project management Institute (PMBOK® Guide) (6th Edition) part 3 page 716</ref>
			</ol> It means that when the project manager satisfied one of the team needs, he or she can not motivate the team with the same need. For example, when the team members earn enough salary for their expectancy, an extra salary increase may not reveal extra motivation. In this chapter, the project team is evaluated as an individual. The purpose of the project team in the project management is achieving project on time, on budget with success.
	====Physiological Needs====		====Physiological Needs====
	Physiological conditions are essential for the project manager. Project managers should think about their teams’ physiological needs. They should ask themselves related questions like “Are the team members sleeping enough, are they coming work after breakfast, is office cleaned and ventilated?” Physiological conditions of the office are critical. There must be available facilities that team members can eat, drink and rest. It is also important that team members should sleep enough before work.		Physiological conditions are essential for the project manager. Project managers should think about their teams’ physiological needs. They should ask themselves related questions like “Are the team members sleeping enough, are they coming work after breakfast, is office cleaned and ventilated?” Physiological conditions of the office are critical. There must be available facilities that team members can eat, drink and rest. It is also important that team members should sleep enough before work.

Furkan: /* Abstract */

2019-03-01T10:45:05Z

Abstract

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	Using this theory helps to write the hierarchy of needs for project managers. The project manager is the person assigned by the performing organization to lead the team that is responsible for achieving the project objectives.<ref name="obj">Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge, Project management Institute (PMBOK® Guide) (6th Edition) part 3 page 716</ref> It means project managers are directly in contact with their team as a leader or manager. Therefore, they need to know their team’s needs for managing and motivating them through the project aims. Although Maslow developed his theory for explaining individual human behaviour and motivation, in this article project management teams are evaluated as an individual. Because they are consisting of individuals and their cooperation.		Using this theory helps to write the hierarchy of needs for project managers. The project manager is the person assigned by the performing organization to lead the team that is responsible for achieving the project objectives.<ref name="obj">Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge, Project management Institute (PMBOK® Guide) (6th Edition) part 3 page 716</ref> It means project managers are directly in contact with their team as a leader or manager. Therefore, they need to know their team’s needs for managing and motivating them through the project aims. Although Maslow developed his theory for explaining individual human behaviour and motivation, in this article project management teams are evaluated as an individual. Because they are consisting of individuals and their cooperation.

	There are two different purposes of this article. The first aim is showing the linkage between project management and Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory and the second is helping project managers to understand their team’s needs and motivate the team. By gratifying the needs of the project team, the project manager can efficiently manage the project. Because in the case of dissatisfaction of basic needs, the project team might not be efficient and creative. According to the latest studies, Maslow's hierarchy of needs is more applicable to individualistic societies and the needs should be evaluated as nested circles instead of steps. Therefore, project managers should consider these factors and have more flexible motivation strategies for the team regarding their cultural background and their needs. In this paper, there are practical advises that can be deduced from the theory in the “project team needs” chapter.		There are two different purposes of this article. The first aim is showing the linkage between project management and Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory and the second is helping project managers to understand their team’s needs and motivate the team. By gratifying the needs of the project team, the project manager can efficiently manage the project. Because in the case of dissatisfaction of basic needs, the project team might not be efficient and creative. According to the latest studies, Maslow's hierarchy of needs is more applicable to individualistic societies<ref name="liz">Hofstede, G. (1984). "The cultural relativity of the quality of life concept", Academy of Management Review, Vol 9 No3, pages 389–398. </ref> and the needs should be evaluated as nested circles instead of steps<ref name="ste">Tay, L., & Diener, E. (2011). Needs and subjective well-being around the world. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 101(2), 354-356. doi:10.1037/a00
			</ref>. Therefore, project managers should consider these factors and have more flexible motivation strategies for the team regarding their cultural background and their needs. In this paper, there are practical advises that can be deduced from the theory in the “project team needs” chapter.

	== Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs ==		== Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs ==

Furkan: /* Criticisms */

2019-03-01T10:44:55Z

Criticisms

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	It is known that Maslow studied 18 different biographies of famous people in order to understand self-actualization. According to some scientists, there are many problems with this approach. This method is subjective because it is based on personal opinions. Therefore Maslow's definition of self-actualization must not be blindly accepted as scientific fact. Moreover Maslow's sample group of self-actualized individuals prominently limited to highly educated white males (such as Thomas Jefferson, Abraham Lincoln, Albert Einstein, William James, Aldous Huxley, Gandhi, Beethoven).<ref name="beet">McLeod, S. A. (2017). Maslow's hierarchy of needs. Retrieved from www.simplypsychology.org/maslow.html</ref>		It is known that Maslow studied 18 different biographies of famous people in order to understand self-actualization. According to some scientists, there are many problems with this approach. This method is subjective because it is based on personal opinions. Therefore Maslow's definition of self-actualization must not be blindly accepted as scientific fact. Moreover, Maslow's sample group of self-actualized individuals prominently limited to highly educated white males (such as Thomas Jefferson, Abraham Lincoln, Albert Einstein, William James, Aldous Huxley, Gandhi, Beethoven).<ref name="beet">McLeod, S. A. (2017). Maslow's hierarchy of needs. Retrieved from www.simplypsychology.org/maslow.html</ref>

	"Although Maslow (1970) did study self-actualized females, such as Eleanor Roosevelt and Mother Teresa, they comprised a small proportion of his sample. This makes it difficult to generalize his theory to females and individuals from lower social classes or different ethnicity. Thus, questioning the population validity of Maslow's findings.		"Although Maslow (1970) did study self-actualized females, such as Eleanor Roosevelt and Mother Teresa, they comprised a small proportion of his sample. This makes it difficult to generalize his theory to females and individuals from lower social classes or different ethnicity. Thus, questioning the population validity of Maslow's findings.

Furkan: /* Abstract */

2019-03-01T10:41:32Z

Abstract

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	• Self-Actualization		• Self-Actualization

	Using this theory helps to write the hierarchy of needs for project managers. The project manager is the person assigned by the performing organization to lead the team that is responsible for achieving the project objectives.<ref name="obj">Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge, Project management Institute (PMBOK® Guide) (6th Edition) part 3 page 716</ref> It means project managers are directly in contact with their team as a leader or manager. Therefore, they need to know their team’s needs for managing and motivating them through the project aims. Although Maslow developed his theory for explaining individual human ~~behavior~~ and motivation, in this article project management teams are evaluated as an individual. Because they are consisting of individuals and their cooperation.		Using this theory helps to write the hierarchy of needs for project managers. The project manager is the person assigned by the performing organization to lead the team that is responsible for achieving the project objectives.<ref name="obj">Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge, Project management Institute (PMBOK® Guide) (6th Edition) part 3 page 716</ref> It means project managers are directly in contact with their team as a leader or manager. Therefore, they need to know their team’s needs for managing and motivating them through the project aims. Although Maslow developed his theory for explaining individual human behaviour and motivation, in this article project management teams are evaluated as an individual. Because they are consisting of individuals and their cooperation.

	There are two different purposes of this article. The first aim is showing the linkage between project management and Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory and the second is helping project managers to understand their team’s needs and motivate the team. By gratifying the needs of the project team, the project manager can efficiently manage the project. Because in the case of dissatisfaction of basic needs, the project team might not be efficient and creative. In this paper, there are practical advises that can be deduced from the theory in the “project team needs” chapter.		There are two different purposes of this article. The first aim is showing the linkage between project management and Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory and the second is helping project managers to understand their team’s needs and motivate the team. By gratifying the needs of the project team, the project manager can efficiently manage the project. Because in the case of dissatisfaction of basic needs, the project team might not be efficient and creative. According to the latest studies, Maslow's hierarchy of needs is more applicable to individualistic societies and the needs should be evaluated as nested circles instead of steps. Therefore, project managers should consider these factors and have more flexible motivation strategies for the team regarding their cultural background and their needs. In this paper, there are practical advises that can be deduced from the theory in the “project team needs” chapter.

	== Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs ==		== Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs ==