Gantt chart and Scheduling techniques - Revision history

Simone: /* Pros and cons */

2019-03-04T21:47:25Z

Pros and cons

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			*Strong visual communication and scheduling tool
	*An easy way to schedule all tasks and track them in the project progress next to the deadline(s)		*An easy way to schedule all tasks and track them in the project progress next to the deadline(s)
	*~~Strong visual communication and scheduling tool~~		*Easy to show variance from the previously issued schedule
	*Readable for the stakeholders.		*Readable for the stakeholders.
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	\| CPM <ref name="Springer"/>		\| CPM <ref name="Springer"/>
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	*Identifying critical activities		*Identifying the critical activities and the critical path
			*Graphic interpretation
			*Can be computerised
			*Can clarify overlapping activities in the project

	\|		\|
	*~~more...~~		*Creating a network diagram can take time
			*Difficult to show the status of the project, because of lack of a timeframe
			*Can become unwieldy, and result in that no one uses it
	\|-		\|-
	\|}		\|}

Simone: /* How to connect Gantt chart and CPM */

2019-03-04T21:32:04Z

How to connect Gantt chart and CPM

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	===How to connect Gantt chart and CPM===		===How to connect Gantt chart and CPM===
	The Gannt chart is ~~usefull~~ when showing the dependencies. It is easy to produce and update, and generally is a ~~good~~ "all-around project planning" tool.		The Gannt chart is useful when showing the dependencies. It is easy to produce, and update, and generally is a useful "all-around project planning" tool. For more complex, time-critical projects, the CPM is a useful tool that provides a clear indication of the critical sequences of tasks essential to keeping the project on schedule. <ref name="Springer"/>

	The Gantt chart is a great tool for showing expected progress: By drawing a straight line vertically through the bars and the horizontal axis, you can quickly determine what percentage of a task should be complete by a certain point in time. In conjunction with the critical path method, project managers can quickly gauge discrepancies between planned and actual start and end dates for project tasks. Scheduling software aids this process by displaying bars that represent critical tasks in red.

	''For complex, time-critical projects, the CPM~~/PERT charts might be~~ useful ~~in providing~~ a clear indication of the critical sequences of tasks ~~necessary~~ to ~~keep~~ the project on schedule. ~~However, the Gantt chart—especially when augmented by notations to show dependencies—is easier to produce and update, and is a good all-around project planning tool.''~~ <ref name="Springer"/>

	===Pros and cons===		===Pros and cons===

Simone: /* Pros and cons */

2019-03-04T21:25:56Z

Pros and cons

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	! Cons		! Cons
	\|-		\|-
	\| Gantt chart <ref~~> Craig Borysowich, Feb 2, 2008, Pros & Cons of Gantt Charts. [[http://it.toolbox.com/blogs/enterprise-solutions/pros-cons-of-gantt-charts-22233 Available online]] <~~/~~ref~~>		\| Gantt chart <ref name="CPM"/>

	\|		\|
	*An easy way to schedule all tasks and track them in the project progress next to the deadline(s)		*An easy way to schedule all tasks and track them in the project progress next to the deadline(s)
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	*Does not shows enough details about the subactivities that must be performed to accomplish each primary activity. <ref name="Essentials"/>		*Does not shows enough details about the subactivities that must be performed to accomplish each primary activity. <ref name="Essentials"/>
	\|-		\|-
	\| CPM <ref name="~~pert/cpm~~"~~> Craig Borysowich, Feb 2, 2008, Pros & Cons of PERT~~/~~CPM. [[http://it.toolbox.com/blogs/enterprise-solutions/pros-cons-of-the-pertcpm-method-22221 Available online]] </ref~~>		\| CPM <ref name="Springer"/>
	\|		\|
	*Identifying critical activities		*Identifying critical activities

Simone: /* Annotated Bibliography */

2019-03-04T21:24:08Z

Annotated Bibliography

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	'''Carson, Christopher Oakander, Peter Relyea, Craig. (2014). CPM Scheduling for Construction - Best Practices and Guidelines. Project Management Institute, Inc. (PMI)'''		'''Carson, Christopher Oakander, Peter Relyea, Craig. (2014). CPM Scheduling for Construction - Best Practices and Guidelines. Project Management Institute, Inc. (PMI)'''

	Describes into detail the process of schedule design. The book is ~~a good~~ structured and has guidelines of how to construct, for example, Gantt Chart and CPM.		Describes into detail the process of schedule design. The book is an excellent structured and has guidelines of how to construct, for example, Gantt Chart and CPM.

	'''Guide, A. (2008). Project management body of knowledge (pmbok® guide). In the Project Management Institute.'''		'''Guide, A. (2008). Project management body of knowledge (pmbok® guide). In the Project Management Institute.'''

Simone: /* How to create the Critical path */

2019-03-04T21:22:33Z

How to create the Critical path

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	'''''Hammock Activities''''' - as described in the Gantt chart, hammock activities can be used to summarised multiple activities in a project, which is an excellent way to make the project more manageable.		'''''Hammock Activities''''' - as described in the Gantt chart, hammock activities can be used to summarised multiple activities in a project, which is an excellent way to make the project more manageable.
	\|} [[File:Preceddiagram.png\|500px\|thumb\|Figure 4: Precedence diagram. Reproduced from: <ref name="CPM"/>]]		\|} [[File:Preceddiagram.png\|500px\|thumb\|Figure 4: Precedence diagram. Reproduced from: <ref name="CPM"/>]]
	[[File:Dependency.png\|500px\|thumb\|Figure 5: Dependency types. Received from: <ref name="CPM"/>]]		[[File:Dependency.png\|500px\|thumb\|Figure 5: Dependency types. Received from "CPM Scheduling for Construction - Best Practices and Guidelines" <ref name="CPM"/>]]
	{\| class="wikitable"		{\| class="wikitable"
	!colspan="6" style="text-align: left;" \| '''Precedence Diagram'''		!colspan="6" style="text-align: left;" \| '''Precedence Diagram'''

Simone: /* How to create a Gantt Chart? */

2019-03-04T21:21:35Z

How to create a Gantt Chart?

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	If there are multiple activities it is a good idea to create a summary or hammock activity, see figure 1. By using hammock activities the project can be summarised in fewer activities, which gives a better overview of the project, but in the same time, still goes into the level of detail with the activity group in the hammock. The bar of the hammock activity begins when the earliest activity in the group starts and end when the latest activity in the group ends, see figure 2. <ref name="Milosevic"/>		If there are multiple activities it is a good idea to create a summary or hammock activity, see figure 1. By using hammock activities the project can be summarised in fewer activities, which gives a better overview of the project, but in the same time, still goes into the level of detail with the activity group in the hammock. The bar of the hammock activity begins when the earliest activity in the group starts and end when the latest activity in the group ends, see figure 2. <ref name="Milosevic"/>
	<br>		<br>
	[[File:Gantt_new.png\|thumb\|none\|630px\|Figure 2: How to create a Gantt Chart. Reproduced from: [https://www.smartsheet.com/s/global-online-gantt-chart?s=39&c=73&m=414&a=273148107325&k=%2Bgantt%20%2Bchart&mtp=b&adp=1t2&net=g&dev=c&devm=&mkwid=sDQm8pEhv%7Cdc&plc=&gclid=CjwKCAiA767jBRBqEiwAGdAOry5jQ9hMlDp4YGDdGeI_FUbOeIOkKi-bDahkqqVYd7IRkFWmnEE_DBoCpB4QAvD_BwE ]]]		[[File:Gantt_new.png\|thumb\|none\|630px\|Figure 2: How to create a Gantt Chart. Reproduced from: "Smartsheet" [https://www.smartsheet.com/s/global-online-gantt-chart?s=39&c=73&m=414&a=273148107325&k=%2Bgantt%20%2Bchart&mtp=b&adp=1t2&net=g&dev=c&devm=&mkwid=sDQm8pEhv%7Cdc&plc=&gclid=CjwKCAiA767jBRBqEiwAGdAOry5jQ9hMlDp4YGDdGeI_FUbOeIOkKi-bDahkqqVYd7IRkFWmnEE_DBoCpB4QAvD_BwE ]]]
	<br>		<br>
	'''Step 3 - Revise til Gantt Chart:''' Have a look at the Gantt Chart again. Are all the important activities there and are they logically placed in the chart? What about the timescale? Are the durations reasonable? Make the necessary changes in the chart. <ref name="Milosevic"/>		'''Step 3 - Revise til Gantt Chart:''' Have a look at the Gantt Chart again. Are all the important activities there and are they logically placed in the chart? What about the timescale? Are the durations reasonable? Make the necessary changes in the chart. <ref name="Milosevic"/>

Simone: /* How to create a Gantt Chart? */

2019-03-04T21:21:10Z

How to create a Gantt Chart?

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	===How to create a Gantt Chart?===		===How to create a Gantt Chart?===
	Developing a Gantt Chart takes some steps. In the scoping phase determines the level of details and the activities identifies in the project.<ref name="Milosevic"/> There are many ways to create a Gantt Chart, and in the end, it depends on the project and the working style. In the table below some general steps to developing a Gantt Chart are described.		Developing a Gantt Chart takes some steps. In the scoping phase determines the level of details and the activities identifies in the project.<ref name="Milosevic"/> There are many ways to create a Gantt Chart, and in the end, it depends on the project and the working style. In the table below some general steps to developing a Gantt Chart are described.
	{{#ev:youtube\|https://youtu.be/Cv6C2GH53aE\|405\|right\|How to create a Gantt Chart. Received from [https://www.smartsheet.com/s/global-online-gantt-chart?s=39&c=73&m=414&a=273148107325&k=%2Bgantt%20%2Bchart&mtp=b&adp=1t2&net=g&dev=c&devm=&mkwid=sDQm8pEhv%7Cdc&plc=&gclid=CjwKCAiA767jBRBqEiwAGdAOry5jQ9hMlDp4YGDdGeI_FUbOeIOkKi-bDahkqqVYd7IRkFWmnEE_DBoCpB4QAvD_BwE ]\|frame}}		{{#ev:youtube\|https://youtu.be/Cv6C2GH53aE\|405\|right\|How to create a Gantt Chart. Received from "Smartsheet" [https://www.smartsheet.com/s/global-online-gantt-chart?s=39&c=73&m=414&a=273148107325&k=%2Bgantt%20%2Bchart&mtp=b&adp=1t2&net=g&dev=c&devm=&mkwid=sDQm8pEhv%7Cdc&plc=&gclid=CjwKCAiA767jBRBqEiwAGdAOry5jQ9hMlDp4YGDdGeI_FUbOeIOkKi-bDahkqqVYd7IRkFWmnEE_DBoCpB4QAvD_BwE ]\|frame}}
	{\| class="wikitable"		{\| class="wikitable"
	!colspan="6" style="text-align: left; color: #699EB4;" \| Creating a Gantt Chart step by step		!colspan="6" style="text-align: left; color: #699EB4;" \| Creating a Gantt Chart step by step

Simone: /* Critical Path Method (CPM) */

2019-03-04T21:20:09Z

Critical Path Method (CPM)

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	==Critical Path Method (CPM)==		==Critical Path Method (CPM)==
	The Critical Path Method ~~Develop~~ in the 1950s by Morgan R. Walker and James E. Kelley. CPM is very similar to PERT (Program evaluation and review techniques), but represent information in a ~~different way~~.		The Critical Path Method was developed in the 1950s by Morgan R. Walker and James E. Kelley. CPM is very similar to PERT (Program evaluation and review techniques), but represent information differently.
			The CPM technique translates the project's critical tasks into a mathematical system and enables to calculate the time and resources needed to complete a project.

	~~What is the difference between CPM and PERT?~~
	{\|style="border-style: solid; border-width: 3px"		{\|style="border-style: solid; border-width: 3px"
	\|		\|
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	'''Step 1 - Defining each activity:''' All activities need to be specified. The activities are usually drawn from the work breakdown structure.		'''Step 1 - Defining each activity:''' All activities need to be specified. The activities are usually drawn from the work breakdown structure.
	<br> <br>		<br> <br>
	'''Step 2 - Defining activity interdependencies:''' The understanding of the dependencies of the activities is important when creating a critical path method. Therefore ~~you should~~ make a table describing which activities are affecting which. <ref name="Springer"/>		'''Step 2 - Defining activity interdependencies:''' The understanding of the dependencies of the activities is important when creating a critical path method. Therefore, make a table describing which activities are affecting which. <ref name="Springer"/>
	<br> <br>		<br> <br>
	'''Step 3 - Creating a Network Diagram:''' There are two techniques ways to construct a network diagram. It can either be represented by an '''Arrow Diagram''' or a '''Precedence Diagram'''. Both techniques include the basic elements of the activities, that need to be performed. Like in the Gantt chart each activity is given a duration within a time limit to complete the task. The network can like in the Gantt chart also be divided into sub-networks, which are the smallest unit that can be processed and can be linked into larger networks. <ref name="CPM"/>		'''Step 3 - Creating a Network Diagram:''' There are two techniques ways to construct a network diagram. It can either be represented by an '''Arrow Diagram''' or a '''Precedence Diagram'''. Both techniques include the basic elements of the activities that need to be performed. Like in the Gantt chart each activity is given a duration within a time limit to complete the task. The network can like in the Gantt chart also be divided into sub-networks, which are the smallest unit that can be processed and can be linked into larger networks. <ref name="CPM"/>
	<br>		<br>
	[[File:Arrowdiagram.png\|500px\|thumb\|Figure 3: Arrow diagram. Reproduced from: <ref name="CPM"/>]]		[[File:Arrowdiagram.png\|500px\|thumb\|Figure 3: Arrow diagram. Reproduced from "CPM Scheduling for Construction - Best Practices and Guidelines" <ref name="CPM"/>]]
	{\| class="wikitable"		{\| class="wikitable"
	!colspan="6" style="text-align: left;" \| '''Arrow diagram'''		!colspan="6" style="text-align: left;" \| '''Arrow diagram'''
	\|-		\|-
	\|rowspan="2"\|		\|rowspan="2"\|
	Figure 3 shows how an arrow diagram ~~looks like~~. The circles ~~represents~~ the events and are connected to arrows which indicate the activities of the project. The time period of each activity is also indicated on the arrow. Each event ~~represent~~ the activity start and finish. An event is ~~finish~~ when its preceding activities are done.		Figure 3 shows how an arrow diagram can be presented. The circles represent the events and are connected to arrows which indicate the activities of the project. The time period of each activity is also indicated on the arrow. Each event represents the activity to start and finish. An event is finished when its preceding activities are done.
	It is important to be accurate when creating the arrow diagram because it is the base of the analysis that is performed. The order of the activities must also be placed logically. In figure 3 Building Section cannot be performed before Prepare Site has finished. <br>		It is important to be accurate when creating the arrow diagram because it is the base of the analysis that is performed. The order of the activities must also be placed logically. In figure 3 Building Section cannot be performed before Prepare Site has finished. <br>
	The activities in the project may affect the way the network is worked out in the end. The different activities types are described below:		The activities in the project may affect the way the network is worked out in the end. The different activities types are described below:
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	<br>		<br>

	'''''Hammock Activities''''' - as described in the Gantt chart, hammock activities can be used to summarised multiple activities in a project, which is ~~a good~~ way to make the project more manageable.		'''''Hammock Activities''''' - as described in the Gantt chart, hammock activities can be used to summarised multiple activities in a project, which is an excellent way to make the project more manageable.
	\|} [[File:Preceddiagram.png\|500px\|thumb\|Figure 4: Precedence diagram. Reproduced from: <ref name="CPM"/>]]		\|} [[File:Preceddiagram.png\|500px\|thumb\|Figure 4: Precedence diagram. Reproduced from: <ref name="CPM"/>]]
	[[File:Dependency.png\|500px\|thumb\|Figure 5: Dependency types. Received from: <ref name="CPM"/>]]		[[File:Dependency.png\|500px\|thumb\|Figure 5: Dependency types. Received from: <ref name="CPM"/>]]
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	\|-		\|-
	\|rowspan="2"\|		\|rowspan="2"\|
	Figure 4 shows ~~how~~ an example of how a precedence diagram can ~~look like~~. The boxes represent here the activities in the network and the arrows/lines are the dependencies in the precedence network. As the arrow diagram, an activity cannot start before finishing the one before, but two or more parallel activities can be worked out the same time, this is also the case in the arrow diagram. In the precedence diagram the activities are identified as A1, A2, A3 etc. see figure 5.		Figure 4 shows an example of how a precedence diagram can be presented. The boxes represent here the activities in the network, and the arrows/lines are the dependencies in the precedence network. As the arrow diagram, an activity cannot start before finishing the one before, but two or more parallel activities can be worked out the same time, this is also the case in the arrow diagram. In the precedence diagram the activities are identified as A1, A2, A3 etc. see figure 5.

	The different activities durations is depended on the time that is required to perform the task.		The different activities durations is depended on the time that is required to perform the task.
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	'''Step 5 - Basic Calculations:''' Here some basic calculation must be done, based on the expected duration of the project, the earliest start and finish dates for all activities in the project, but also the latest start and finish dates for the activities that do not interfere with the project completion time. <ref name="Springer"/>		'''Step 5 - Basic Calculations:''' Here some basic calculation must be done, based on the expected duration of the project, the earliest start and finish dates for all activities in the project, but also the latest start and finish dates for the activities that do not interfere with the project completion time. <ref name="Springer"/>
	<br> <br>		<br> <br>
	'''Step 6 - Advanced Calculations - Identifying the Critical Path:''' The critical path is the longest route to the trough the network. It is critical because, in the end, it can delay the whole project, and give major problems. After the basic calculations usually the time cost trade-off procedures and/or resource connected calculations are done. The question about how the project manager should choose the activity durations to accomplish the lowest possible cost in the project is essential in this step. ~~There is a number of~~ mathematical models ~~that~~ handle this problem, but this article will not go into details with this.		'''Step 6 - Advanced Calculations - Identifying the Critical Path:''' The critical path is the longest route to the trough the network. It is critical because, in the end, it can delay the whole project, and give major problems. After the basic calculations usually the time cost trade-off procedures and/or resource connected calculations are done. The question about how the project manager should choose the activity durations to accomplish the lowest possible cost in the project is essential in this step. Many mathematical models handle this problem, but this article will not go into details with this.
	<br> <br>		<br> <br>
	'''Step 7 - Control and update:''' It is important to update the plan when new circumstances arise. In the control phase, the project cost is measured and compared with the original cash flow provisions. <ref name="Springer"/> <ref name="Anderson"> Anderson, E. B., & Hales, R. S. (1986). Critical path method applied to research project planning: Fire Economics Evaluation System (FEES). Gen. Tech. Rep. PSW-93. Berkeley, Calif.: Pacific Southwest Research Station, Forest Service, US Department of Agriculture. 12 p, 93. Retrieved from https://www.fs.fed.us/psw/publications/documents/psw_gtr093/psw_gtr093.pdf </ref>		'''Step 7 - Control and update:''' It is important to update the plan when new circumstances arise. In the control phase, the project cost is measured and compared with the original cash flow provisions. <ref name="Springer"/> <ref name="Anderson"> Anderson, E. B., & Hales, R. S. (1986). Critical path method applied to research project planning: Fire Economics Evaluation System (FEES). Gen. Tech. Rep. PSW-93. Berkeley, Calif.: Pacific Southwest Research Station, Forest Service, US Department of Agriculture. 12 p, 93. Retrieved from https://www.fs.fed.us/psw/publications/documents/psw_gtr093/psw_gtr093.pdf </ref>
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	====Dummy activities====		====Dummy activities====
	[[File:Dummy.png\|300px\|thumb\|Figure 6: Dummy activities. Received from: <ref name="CPM"/>]]		[[File:Dummy.png\|300px\|thumb\|Figure 6: Dummy activities. Received from "CPM Scheduling for Construction - Best Practices and Guidelines" <ref name="CPM"/>]]
	A dummy activity is not an actual task, but a logical link between the networks paths. ~~Dummy activities are normally indicated by a~~ broken line or arrow.		A dummy activity is not an actual task, but a logical link between the networks paths. A broken line or arrow normally indicate dummy activities.
	Dummy activities can be used to avoid double activities, reduce the number of dependencies and to provide a common start and finish date.		Dummy activities can be used to avoid double activities, reduce the number of dependencies and to provide a common start and finish date.
	Dummy activities normally have zero duration ~~do to the fact~~ they only represent the logical link between the networks paths and not a task. Some dummy activities do though. For example in a building project where you have wait for the concrete to cures. The time here is important in the network, and you have to indicate the duration of these activities. Such activities are called real dummies. <ref name="Springer"/> <ref name="CPM"/>		Dummy activities normally have zero duration since they only represent the logical link between the networks paths and not a task. Some dummy activities do though. For example in a building project where you have wait for the concrete to cures. The time here is important in the network, and you have to indicate the duration of these activities. Such activities are called real dummies. <ref name="Springer"/> <ref name="CPM"/>

	====Ladder activities====		====Ladder activities====
	[[File:Ladder.png\|300px\|thumb\|Figure 7: Ladder activities. Received from: <ref name="CPM"/>]]		[[File:Ladder.png\|300px\|thumb\|Figure 7: Ladder activities. Received from "CPM Scheduling for Construction - Best Practices and Guidelines" <ref name="CPM"/>]]
	In CPM overlapping cannot be ~~modeled~~ in an adequate way. In network diagram overlapping cannot be ~~modeled~~ in an adequate way. Therefore ladder diagrams can be used to get the same early start and finish times as they can in a Gantt chart. Because the ladder diagrams cannot be interpreted in the same way as a network diagram, as they are not entirely consistent with the traditional arrow diagrams, these diagrams should be made beside the network diagram. <ref name="Springer"/>		In CPM overlapping cannot be modelled in an adequate way. In network diagram overlapping cannot be modelled in an adequate way. Therefore ladder diagrams can be used to get the same early start and finish times as they can in a Gantt chart. Because the ladder diagrams cannot be interpreted in the same way as a network diagram, as they are not entirely consistent with the traditional arrow diagrams, these diagrams should be made beside the network diagram. <ref name="Springer"/>
	<br>		<br>
	<br>		<br>

Simone: /* How to create a Gantt chart? */

2019-03-04T20:52:59Z

How to create a Gantt chart?

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	Gantt charts are especially useful in one-time scheduling projects. For example projects like building construction or making films are both projects that are one-time projects. Overall, the advantages of the Gantt Chart can be realised in all types of projects and organisations.		Gantt charts are especially useful in one-time scheduling projects. For example projects like building construction or making films are both projects that are one-time projects. Overall, the advantages of the Gantt Chart can be realised in all types of projects and organisations.

	===How to create a Gantt ~~chart~~?===		===How to create a Gantt Chart?===
	Developing a Gantt Chart takes some steps. In the scoping phase determines the level of details and the activities identifies in the project.<ref name="Milosevic"/> There are many ways to create a Gantt Chart, and in the end, it depends on the project and the working style. In the table below some general steps to developing a Gantt ~~chart~~ are described.		Developing a Gantt Chart takes some steps. In the scoping phase determines the level of details and the activities identifies in the project.<ref name="Milosevic"/> There are many ways to create a Gantt Chart, and in the end, it depends on the project and the working style. In the table below some general steps to developing a Gantt Chart are described.
	{{#ev:youtube\|https://youtu.be/Cv6C2GH53aE\|405\|right\|How to create a Gantt ~~chart~~. Received from [https://www.smartsheet.com/s/global-online-gantt-chart?s=39&c=73&m=414&a=273148107325&k=%2Bgantt%20%2Bchart&mtp=b&adp=1t2&net=g&dev=c&devm=&mkwid=sDQm8pEhv%7Cdc&plc=&gclid=CjwKCAiA767jBRBqEiwAGdAOry5jQ9hMlDp4YGDdGeI_FUbOeIOkKi-bDahkqqVYd7IRkFWmnEE_DBoCpB4QAvD_BwE ]\|frame}}		{{#ev:youtube\|https://youtu.be/Cv6C2GH53aE\|405\|right\|How to create a Gantt Chart. Received from [https://www.smartsheet.com/s/global-online-gantt-chart?s=39&c=73&m=414&a=273148107325&k=%2Bgantt%20%2Bchart&mtp=b&adp=1t2&net=g&dev=c&devm=&mkwid=sDQm8pEhv%7Cdc&plc=&gclid=CjwKCAiA767jBRBqEiwAGdAOry5jQ9hMlDp4YGDdGeI_FUbOeIOkKi-bDahkqqVYd7IRkFWmnEE_DBoCpB4QAvD_BwE ]\|frame}}
	{\| class="wikitable"		{\| class="wikitable"
	!colspan="6" style="text-align: left; color: #699EB4;" \| Creating a Gantt Chart step by step		!colspan="6" style="text-align: left; color: #699EB4;" \| Creating a Gantt Chart step by step
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	If there are multiple activities it is a good idea to create a summary or hammock activity, see figure 1. By using hammock activities the project can be summarised in fewer activities, which gives a better overview of the project, but in the same time, still goes into the level of detail with the activity group in the hammock. The bar of the hammock activity begins when the earliest activity in the group starts and end when the latest activity in the group ends, see figure 2. <ref name="Milosevic"/>		If there are multiple activities it is a good idea to create a summary or hammock activity, see figure 1. By using hammock activities the project can be summarised in fewer activities, which gives a better overview of the project, but in the same time, still goes into the level of detail with the activity group in the hammock. The bar of the hammock activity begins when the earliest activity in the group starts and end when the latest activity in the group ends, see figure 2. <ref name="Milosevic"/>
	<br>		<br>
	[[File:Gantt_new.png\|thumb\|none\|630px\|Figure 2: How to create a Gantt ~~chart~~. Reproduced from: [https://www.smartsheet.com/s/global-online-gantt-chart?s=39&c=73&m=414&a=273148107325&k=%2Bgantt%20%2Bchart&mtp=b&adp=1t2&net=g&dev=c&devm=&mkwid=sDQm8pEhv%7Cdc&plc=&gclid=CjwKCAiA767jBRBqEiwAGdAOry5jQ9hMlDp4YGDdGeI_FUbOeIOkKi-bDahkqqVYd7IRkFWmnEE_DBoCpB4QAvD_BwE ]]]		[[File:Gantt_new.png\|thumb\|none\|630px\|Figure 2: How to create a Gantt Chart. Reproduced from: [https://www.smartsheet.com/s/global-online-gantt-chart?s=39&c=73&m=414&a=273148107325&k=%2Bgantt%20%2Bchart&mtp=b&adp=1t2&net=g&dev=c&devm=&mkwid=sDQm8pEhv%7Cdc&plc=&gclid=CjwKCAiA767jBRBqEiwAGdAOry5jQ9hMlDp4YGDdGeI_FUbOeIOkKi-bDahkqqVYd7IRkFWmnEE_DBoCpB4QAvD_BwE ]]]
	<br>		<br>
	'''Step 3 - Revise til Gantt Chart:''' Have a look at the Gantt ~~chart~~ again. Are all the important activities there and are they logically placed in the chart? What about the timescale? Are the durations reasonable? Make the necessary changes in the chart. <ref name="Milosevic"/>		'''Step 3 - Revise til Gantt Chart:''' Have a look at the Gantt Chart again. Are all the important activities there and are they logically placed in the chart? What about the timescale? Are the durations reasonable? Make the necessary changes in the chart. <ref name="Milosevic"/>
	\|}		\|}

Simone: /* The Gantt Chart */

2019-03-04T20:51:56Z

The Gantt Chart

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	Gantt charts are especially useful in ~~scheduling~~ one-time projects. For example projects like building construction or making films are both projects that are one-time projects. Overall, ~~however,~~ Gantt ~~chart advantages have been realized by~~ all types of ~~organizations for applicable applications.~~		Gantt charts are especially useful in one-time scheduling projects. For example projects like building construction or making films are both projects that are one-time projects. Overall, the advantages of the Gantt Chart can be realised in all types of projects and organisations.
	~~<br>~~
	~~1. Avoid Completion Confusion~~
	~~<br>~~
	~~2. Keep Everyone on the Same Page~~
	~~<br>~~
	~~3. Understand Task Relationships:~~
	~~<br>~~
	~~4. Effectively Allocate Resources:~~
	~~<br>~~
	5. ~~Get a Handle on the Future: <ref name="CPM"/>~~
	~~<br><br>~~

	===How to create a Gantt chart?===		===How to create a Gantt chart?===
	Developing a Gantt ~~chart~~ takes some steps. In the scoping phase determines the level of details and the activities identifies in the project.<ref name="Milosevic"/> There are many ways to create a Gantt ~~chart~~ and in the end, it depends on the project and the working style. In the table below some general steps to developing a Gantt chart are described.		Developing a Gantt Chart takes some steps. In the scoping phase determines the level of details and the activities identifies in the project.<ref name="Milosevic"/> There are many ways to create a Gantt Chart, and in the end, it depends on the project and the working style. In the table below some general steps to developing a Gantt chart are described.
	{{#ev:youtube\|https://youtu.be/Cv6C2GH53aE\|405\|right\|How to create a Gantt chart. Received from: [https://www.smartsheet.com/s/global-online-gantt-chart?s=39&c=73&m=414&a=273148107325&k=%2Bgantt%20%2Bchart&mtp=b&adp=1t2&net=g&dev=c&devm=&mkwid=sDQm8pEhv%7Cdc&plc=&gclid=CjwKCAiA767jBRBqEiwAGdAOry5jQ9hMlDp4YGDdGeI_FUbOeIOkKi-bDahkqqVYd7IRkFWmnEE_DBoCpB4QAvD_BwE ]\|frame}}		{{#ev:youtube\|https://youtu.be/Cv6C2GH53aE\|405\|right\|How to create a Gantt chart. Received from [https://www.smartsheet.com/s/global-online-gantt-chart?s=39&c=73&m=414&a=273148107325&k=%2Bgantt%20%2Bchart&mtp=b&adp=1t2&net=g&dev=c&devm=&mkwid=sDQm8pEhv%7Cdc&plc=&gclid=CjwKCAiA767jBRBqEiwAGdAOry5jQ9hMlDp4YGDdGeI_FUbOeIOkKi-bDahkqqVYd7IRkFWmnEE_DBoCpB4QAvD_BwE ]\|frame}}
	{\| class="wikitable"		{\| class="wikitable"
	!colspan="6" style="text-align: left; color: #699EB4;" \| Creating a Gantt ~~chart~~ step by step		!colspan="6" style="text-align: left; color: #699EB4;" \| Creating a Gantt Chart step by step
	\|-		\|-
	\|rowspan="2"\|		\|rowspan="2"\|
	'''Step 1 - Creating the axes:''' Create a sheet with vertical and horizontal axes. The vertical axis represents the activities, and the horizontal axis represents the timescale. To make the Gantt ~~chart~~ more clear and get and an idea of the total time that needs for each activity, adding the calendar time in timescale is a good idea, see figure 1. <ref name="Milosevic"> Dragan Z. Milosevic, 2003, Project Management ToolBox: Tools and Techniques for the Practicing Project Manager [[https://books.google.dk/books?id=_dFHC2f3ZEgC&lpg=PA176&dq=gantt%20chart&pg=PA173#v=onepage&q=gantt&f=false Available online]]</ref>		'''Step 1 - Creating the axes:''' Create a sheet with vertical and horizontal axes. The vertical axis represents the activities, and the horizontal axis represents the timescale. To make the Gantt Chart more clear and get and an idea of the total time that needs for each activity, adding the calendar time in timescale is a good idea, see figure 1. <ref name="Milosevic"> Dragan Z. Milosevic, 2003, Project Management ToolBox: Tools and Techniques for the Practicing Project Manager [[https://books.google.dk/books?id=_dFHC2f3ZEgC&lpg=PA176&dq=gantt%20chart&pg=PA173#v=onepage&q=gantt&f=false Available online]]</ref>
	<br> <br>		<br> <br>
	'''Step 2 - Creating the bars:''' Create bars representing each activity. The length of the bars should be proportional to the duration time.		'''Step 2 - Creating the bars:''' Create bars representing each activity. The length of the bars should be proportional to the duration time.
	If there are multiple activities it is a good idea to create a summary or hammock activity, see figure 1. By using hammock activities the project can be ~~summarized~~ in fewer activities, which gives a better overview of the project, but in the same time, ~~you can~~ still go into the level of detail with the activity group in the hammock. The bar of the hammock activity begins when the earliest activity in the group starts and end when the latest activity in the group ends, see figure 2. <ref name="Milosevic"/>		If there are multiple activities it is a good idea to create a summary or hammock activity, see figure 1. By using hammock activities the project can be summarised in fewer activities, which gives a better overview of the project, but in the same time, still goes into the level of detail with the activity group in the hammock. The bar of the hammock activity begins when the earliest activity in the group starts and end when the latest activity in the group ends, see figure 2. <ref name="Milosevic"/>
	<br>		<br>
	[[File:Gantt_new.png\|thumb\|none\|630px\|Figure 2: How to create a Gantt chart. Reproduced from: [https://www.smartsheet.com/s/global-online-gantt-chart?s=39&c=73&m=414&a=273148107325&k=%2Bgantt%20%2Bchart&mtp=b&adp=1t2&net=g&dev=c&devm=&mkwid=sDQm8pEhv%7Cdc&plc=&gclid=CjwKCAiA767jBRBqEiwAGdAOry5jQ9hMlDp4YGDdGeI_FUbOeIOkKi-bDahkqqVYd7IRkFWmnEE_DBoCpB4QAvD_BwE ]]]		[[File:Gantt_new.png\|thumb\|none\|630px\|Figure 2: How to create a Gantt chart. Reproduced from: [https://www.smartsheet.com/s/global-online-gantt-chart?s=39&c=73&m=414&a=273148107325&k=%2Bgantt%20%2Bchart&mtp=b&adp=1t2&net=g&dev=c&devm=&mkwid=sDQm8pEhv%7Cdc&plc=&gclid=CjwKCAiA767jBRBqEiwAGdAOry5jQ9hMlDp4YGDdGeI_FUbOeIOkKi-bDahkqqVYd7IRkFWmnEE_DBoCpB4QAvD_BwE ]]]
	<br>		<br>
	'''Step 3 - Revise til Gantt ~~chart~~:''' Have a look at the Gantt chart again. Are all the important activities there and are they logically placed in the chart? What about the timescale? Are the durations reasonable? Make the necessary changes in the chart. <ref name="Milosevic"/>		'''Step 3 - Revise til Gantt Chart:''' Have a look at the Gantt chart again. Are all the important activities there and are they logically placed in the chart? What about the timescale? Are the durations reasonable? Make the necessary changes in the chart. <ref name="Milosevic"/>
	\|}		\|}

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:22, 4 March 2019
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	'''''Hammock Activities''''' - as described in the Gantt chart, hammock activities can be used to summarised multiple activities in a project, which is an excellent way to make the project more manageable.		'''''Hammock Activities''''' - as described in the Gantt chart, hammock activities can be used to summarised multiple activities in a project, which is an excellent way to make the project more manageable.
	\|} [[File:Preceddiagram.png\|500px\|thumb\|Figure 4: Precedence diagram. Reproduced from: <ref name="CPM"/>]]		\|} [[File:Preceddiagram.png\|500px\|thumb\|Figure 4: Precedence diagram. Reproduced from: <ref name="CPM"/>]]
	[[File:Dependency.png\|500px\|thumb\|Figure 5: Dependency types. Received from: <ref name="CPM"/>]]		[[File:Dependency.png\|500px\|thumb\|Figure 5: Dependency types. Received from "CPM Scheduling for Construction - Best Practices and Guidelines" <ref name="CPM"/>]]
	{\| class="wikitable"		{\| class="wikitable"
	!colspan="6" style="text-align: left;" \| '''Precedence Diagram'''		!colspan="6" style="text-align: left;" \| '''Precedence Diagram'''