FMEA as tool in Project Management - Revision history

S212866: /* Limitations */

2022-03-19T12:23:33Z

Limitations

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	For all its benefits in Project Management, FMEA and by extension RFMEA does have a number of limitations. This method has become integral to any production process in any organization. It is widely considered as an improvement over traditional risk analysis and management, which treats each potential failure and problem in isolation. However, it is still not dogmatic. It remains as an assessment tool, not one that is designed to eliminate problems. The best implementation of FMEA can be achieved with the combination of other tools to see the control plans through.		For all its benefits in Project Management, FMEA and by extension RFMEA does have a number of limitations. This method has become integral to any production process in any organization. It is widely considered as an improvement over traditional risk analysis and management, which treats each potential failure and problem in isolation. However, it is still not dogmatic. It remains as an assessment tool, not one that is designed to eliminate problems. The best implementation of FMEA can be achieved with the combination of other tools to see the control plans through.

	The main limitations of the method can be summarized as, the method prioritizes and does not act. Moreover, it is only as good as the professional team behind it, issues behind team members’ knowledge are not likely to be detected or resolved and that contributes to unknowns – unknows results. FMEA is taking on the too-large scope and not getting into the details. Also, is confusing route cause and failure mode and does not customize rating scales. Finally, sometimes it can be characterized as optimism bias regarding the project management.		The main limitations of the method can be summarized as, the method prioritizes and does not act. Moreover, it is only as good as the professional team behind it, issues behind team members’ knowledge are not likely to be detected or resolved and that contributes to unknowns – unknows results. FMEA/RFMEA is taking on the too-large scope and not getting into the details. Also, is confusing route cause and failure mode and does not customize rating scales. Finally, sometimes it can be characterized as optimism bias regarding the project management.

	== Annotated Bibliography ==		== Annotated Bibliography ==

S212866: /* Limitations */

2022-03-19T12:22:29Z

Limitations

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	For all its benefits in Project Management, FMEA and by extension RFMEA does have a number of limitations. This method has become integral to any production process in any organization. It is widely considered as an improvement over traditional risk analysis and management, which treats each potential failure and problem in isolation. However, it is still not dogmatic. It remains as an assessment tool, not one that is designed to eliminate problems. The best implementation of FMEA can be achieved with the combination of other tools to see the control plans through.		For all its benefits in Project Management, FMEA and by extension RFMEA does have a number of limitations. This method has become integral to any production process in any organization. It is widely considered as an improvement over traditional risk analysis and management, which treats each potential failure and problem in isolation. However, it is still not dogmatic. It remains as an assessment tool, not one that is designed to eliminate problems. The best implementation of FMEA can be achieved with the combination of other tools to see the control plans through.

	The main limitations of the method can be summarized as the ~~FMEA~~ prioritizes and does not act. Moreover, it is only as good as the professional team behind it, issues behind team members’ knowledge are not likely to be detected or resolved and that contributes to unknowns – unknows results. FMEA is taking on the too-large scope and not getting into the details. Also, is confusing route cause and failure mode and does not customize rating scales. Finally, sometimes it can be characterized as optimism bias regarding the project management.		The main limitations of the method can be summarized as, the method prioritizes and does not act. Moreover, it is only as good as the professional team behind it, issues behind team members’ knowledge are not likely to be detected or resolved and that contributes to unknowns – unknows results. FMEA is taking on the too-large scope and not getting into the details. Also, is confusing route cause and failure mode and does not customize rating scales. Finally, sometimes it can be characterized as optimism bias regarding the project management.

	== Annotated Bibliography ==		== Annotated Bibliography ==

S212866: /* FMEA as a Project Risk Management Tool */

2022-03-19T12:07:59Z

FMEA as a Project Risk Management Tool

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	A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge PMBOK® Guide 2017, defines the risk management process, as being comprised of six main steps: risk management planning, risk identification, qualitative/quantitative risk analysis (where FMEA and RFMEA belong), risk response planning, and risk monitoring and control <ref name="PMI"> Project Management: A guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK Guide), 6th Edition, 2017. </ref>.		A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge PMBOK® Guide 2017, defines the risk management process, as being comprised of six main steps: risk management planning, risk identification, qualitative/quantitative risk analysis (where FMEA and RFMEA belong), risk response planning, and risk monitoring and control <ref name="PMI"> Project Management: A guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK Guide), 6th Edition, 2017. </ref>.

	Risk analysis and risk management techniques include expert interviews, expected monetary value, and response matrices, along with more advanced techniques for risk analysis such as Monte – Carlo method. One risk management technique is being implemented by multiplying the probability of the risk occurring with the expected impact of the risk. This method brings as a result the evaluation for each risk. In terms of this environment, the method of using the risk probability multiplied by the risk impact value is moving one step forward and expands by also multiplying a detection value for each risk <ref name="RFMEA"> Carbone T. A., & Tippelt D. D., “Project Risk Management Using the Project Risk FMEA”, Engineering Management Journal, vol. 16, No. 4, December, 2004. </ref>. ~~As it becomes obvious, by~~ multiplying these three values of the likelihood of occurrence (or probability), severity (or impact), and detection. is like implementing the familiar format of the Failure Mode and Effects Analysis – FMEA. The method of applying the FMEA format to project risk management is defined as mentioned earlier, as risk FMEA or shortly RFMEA. This sub-method of FMEA as an advanced format is capable of capturing project risks in every possible organization in high technology environments.		Risk analysis and risk management techniques include expert interviews, expected monetary value, and response matrices, along with more advanced techniques for risk analysis such as Monte – Carlo method. One risk management technique is being implemented by multiplying the probability of the risk occurring with the expected impact of the risk. This method brings as a result the evaluation for each risk. In terms of this environment, the method of using the risk probability multiplied by the risk impact value is moving one step forward and expands by also multiplying a detection value for each risk <ref name="RFMEA"> Carbone T. A., & Tippelt D. D., “Project Risk Management Using the Project Risk FMEA”, Engineering Management Journal, vol. 16, No. 4, December, 2004. </ref>.By multiplying these three values of the likelihood of occurrence (or probability), severity (or impact), and detection. is like implementing the familiar format of the Failure Mode and Effects Analysis – FMEA. The method of applying the FMEA format to project risk management is defined as mentioned earlier, as risk FMEA or shortly RFMEA. This sub-method of FMEA as an advanced format is capable of capturing project risks in every possible organization in high technology environments.

	As stated above, the standard FMEA process evaluates failure modes for occurrence (O), severity (S), and detection (D). The multiplication of these values leads to what is known as the risk priority number (RPN). In using the RFMEA approach, there are a few required modifications in relation to the standard FMEA format. Specifically, the project RFMEA is a tool to identify, quantify and remove or reduce risks in a project environment against the classical product’s aspects as identified in the FMEA. The RFMEA is used in connection with the developed FMEAs for product design, process development, and service deployment <ref name="RFMEA"> Carbone T. A., & Tippelt D. D., “Project Risk Management Using the Project Risk FMEA”, Engineering Management Journal, vol. 16, No. 4, December, 2004. </ref>. The application and method for both FMEA and RFMEA are analyzed in detail in the next chapter of the article.		As stated above, the standard FMEA process evaluates failure modes for occurrence (O), severity (S), and detection (D). The multiplication of these values leads to what is known as the risk priority number (RPN). In using the RFMEA approach, there are a few required modifications in relation to the standard FMEA format. Specifically, the project RFMEA is a tool to identify, quantify and remove or reduce risks in a project environment against the classical product’s aspects as identified in the FMEA. The RFMEA is used in connection with the developed FMEAs for product design, process development, and service deployment <ref name="RFMEA"> Carbone T. A., & Tippelt D. D., “Project Risk Management Using the Project Risk FMEA”, Engineering Management Journal, vol. 16, No. 4, December, 2004. </ref>. The application and method for both FMEA and RFMEA are analyzed in detail in the next chapter of the article.

S212866: /* FMEA as a Project Risk Management Tool */

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FMEA as a Project Risk Management Tool

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	As the main goal of a project is to generate an unknown product, it usually involves risk because the steps to achieve the proposed targets are now known by the people who are in charge of the project development. The concept of project risk is related to all the events or conditions that can generate positive or negative effects in at least one project objective. Risks can be classified as internal when the project team can influence or control them, and external when the project team is unable to control and influence them <ref name="PMI"> Project Management: A guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK Guide), 6th Edition, 2017. </ref>.		As the main goal of a project is to generate an unknown product, it usually involves risk because the steps to achieve the proposed targets are now known by the people who are in charge of the project development. The concept of project risk is related to all the events or conditions that can generate positive or negative effects in at least one project objective. Risks can be classified as internal when the project team can influence or control them, and external when the project team is unable to control and influence them <ref name="PMI"> Project Management: A guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK Guide), 6th Edition, 2017. </ref>.

	Effective risk management implementation is an essential element of successful project management. Proper risk management can play a vital role in the mitigation of both known and unanticipated risks on projects of all kinds. Failure to perform effective risk management can cause projects to exceed budget, fall largely behind schedule, miss critical performance targets, or even create a combination of all these drawbacks. ~~So, having~~ an effective method to plan for and manage project risks that are easy for the project team to understand, adapt, test, use and finally apply is very critical. Finally, as projects increase in complexity and size, taking a multidisciplinary approach to project management requires, as it makes sense, proper attention to risk management <ref name="RFMEA"> Carbone T. A., & Tippelt D. D., “Project Risk Management Using the Project Risk FMEA”, Engineering Management Journal, vol. 16, No. 4, December, 2004. </ref>.		Effective risk management implementation is an essential element of successful project management. Proper risk management can play a vital role in the mitigation of both known and unanticipated risks on projects of all kinds. Failure to perform effective risk management can cause projects to exceed budget, fall largely behind schedule, miss critical performance targets, or even create a combination of all these drawbacks. Having an effective method to plan for and manage project risks that are easy for the project team to understand, adapt, test, use and finally apply is very critical. Finally, as projects increase in complexity and size, taking a multidisciplinary approach to project management requires, as it makes sense, proper attention to risk management <ref name="RFMEA"> Carbone T. A., & Tippelt D. D., “Project Risk Management Using the Project Risk FMEA”, Engineering Management Journal, vol. 16, No. 4, December, 2004. </ref>.

	A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge PMBOK® Guide 2017, defines the risk management process, as being comprised of six main steps: risk management planning, risk identification, qualitative/quantitative risk analysis (where FMEA and RFMEA belong), risk response planning, and risk monitoring and control <ref name="PMI"> Project Management: A guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK Guide), 6th Edition, 2017. </ref>.		A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge PMBOK® Guide 2017, defines the risk management process, as being comprised of six main steps: risk management planning, risk identification, qualitative/quantitative risk analysis (where FMEA and RFMEA belong), risk response planning, and risk monitoring and control <ref name="PMI"> Project Management: A guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK Guide), 6th Edition, 2017. </ref>.

S212866: /* Why FMEA? */

2022-03-19T12:00:15Z

Why FMEA?

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	=== Why FMEA? ===		=== Why FMEA? ===

	It is generally accepted that FMEA can bring a variety of benefits and positive results to organizations. First of all, it prevents problems and failures in the system, products, or processes before they even occur, reduces greatly the costs, creates a condition for processes durable to unexpected events as well as classifies actions and events based on priorities and seriousness.		It is generally accepted that, FMEA can bring a variety of benefits and positive results to organizations. First of all, it prevents problems and failures in the system, products, or processes before they even occur, reduces greatly the costs, creates a condition for processes durable to unexpected events as well as classifies actions and events based on priorities and seriousness.

	Furthermore, FMEA is able to detect possible unidentified failures, find and document the main reasons behind failures and impacts and prepare a response plan with priorities, areas of responsibilities, and frames.		Furthermore, FMEA is able to detect possible unidentified failures, find and document the main reasons behind failures and impacts and prepare a response plan with priorities, areas of responsibilities, and frames.

S212866: /* What is FMEA - Evolution of FMEA */

2022-03-19T11:57:44Z

What is FMEA - Evolution of FMEA

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	Failure Mode and Effects Analysis can be characterized as an easy to implement and yet powerful pro-active engineering quality method that helps to identify and counter the weak points in the early conception phase of products and processes <ref name="Innovation FMEA"> Bahrami M., Bazzaz D. H., Sajjadi S. M., “Innovations and Improvements in Project Implementation and Management; Using FMEA Technique”, International Conference on Leadership, Technology and Innovation Management, Elsevier Ltd., 2012, DOI: 0.1016/j.sbspro.2012.04.050. </ref>. In other words, FMEA is a systematic/predictive maintenance method that allows evaluating a process to identify where and how it might fail, identify and ranking the risks associated with various product (or process) failure modes (both existing and potential), prioritizing them for remedial action, acting on the highest-ranked items, re-evaluating those items and returning to the prioritizing step in a constant loop until marginal returns set in<ref name="Innovation FMEA"> Bahrami M., Bazzaz D. H., Sajjadi S. M., “Innovations and Improvements in Project Implementation and Management; Using FMEA Technique”, International Conference on Leadership, Technology and Innovation Management, Elsevier Ltd., 2012, DOI: 0.1016/j.sbspro.2012.04.050 </ref> <ref name="Dailey"> Dailey, K. W., “The FMEA Pocket Handbook”, DW Publishing Co., Detroit, MI, 2004 </ref>.		Failure Mode and Effects Analysis can be characterized as an easy to implement and yet powerful pro-active engineering quality method that helps to identify and counter the weak points in the early conception phase of products and processes <ref name="Innovation FMEA"> Bahrami M., Bazzaz D. H., Sajjadi S. M., “Innovations and Improvements in Project Implementation and Management; Using FMEA Technique”, International Conference on Leadership, Technology and Innovation Management, Elsevier Ltd., 2012, DOI: 0.1016/j.sbspro.2012.04.050. </ref>. In other words, FMEA is a systematic/predictive maintenance method that allows evaluating a process to identify where and how it might fail, identify and ranking the risks associated with various product (or process) failure modes (both existing and potential), prioritizing them for remedial action, acting on the highest-ranked items, re-evaluating those items and returning to the prioritizing step in a constant loop until marginal returns set in<ref name="Innovation FMEA"> Bahrami M., Bazzaz D. H., Sajjadi S. M., “Innovations and Improvements in Project Implementation and Management; Using FMEA Technique”, International Conference on Leadership, Technology and Innovation Management, Elsevier Ltd., 2012, DOI: 0.1016/j.sbspro.2012.04.050 </ref> <ref name="Dailey"> Dailey, K. W., “The FMEA Pocket Handbook”, DW Publishing Co., Detroit, MI, 2004 </ref>.

	FMEA is trying to anticipate potential problems before they occur, so, from a time perspective, FMEA is essential in the earliest development phases and thus, an early and accurate implementation of the method can be crucial for reducing the corrective actions as well eliminating the cost of a non-compliance identification. The measures that are taken into consideration when FMEA is being implemented is: the probability of failure occurrence (O), the severity of the failure (S), and finally the capacity to detect the failure before it occurs – detection (D) <ref name="Innovation FMEA"> Bahrami M., Bazzaz D. H., Sajjadi S. M., “Innovations and Improvements in Project Implementation and Management; Using FMEA Technique”, International Conference on Leadership, Technology and Innovation Management, Elsevier Ltd., 2012, DOI: 0.1016/j.sbspro.2012.04.050. </ref>. The multiplication of these measures generates the RPN (RPN = Occurrence * Severity * Detection). The special and professional workforce that will implement the FMEA consists of a multidisciplinary team of people from different educational backgrounds and areas, (design, management, engineering, manufacturing) skilled with specific product/process know-how.		FMEA is trying to anticipate potential problems before they occur, so, from a time perspective, FMEA is essential in the earliest development phases and thus, an early and accurate implementation of the method can be crucial for reducing the corrective actions as well eliminating the cost of a non-compliance identification. The measures that are taken into consideration when FMEA is being implemented is: the probability of failure occurrence (O), the severity of the failure (S), and finally the capacity to detect the failure before it occurs – detection (D) <ref name="Innovation FMEA"> Bahrami M., Bazzaz D. H., Sajjadi S. M., “Innovations and Improvements in Project Implementation and Management; Using FMEA Technique”, International Conference on Leadership, Technology and Innovation Management, Elsevier Ltd., 2012, DOI: 0.1016/j.sbspro.2012.04.050. </ref>. The multiplication of these measures generates the Risk Priority Number - RPN (RPN = Occurrence * Severity * Detection). The special and professional workforce that will implement the FMEA consists of a multidisciplinary team of people from different educational backgrounds and areas, (design, management, engineering, manufacturing) skilled with specific product/process know-how.

	The first application of FMEA dates back to the end of the 1940s when the US Army used it in the aeronautic sector to solve safety and reliability problems in the production and design phases. After this, NASA continued the implementation of FMEA in the early 1960s through the Apollo Program, and some years later, FMEA was adopted by the automotive industry and specifically from Citroen and Peugeot. In 1993 AIAG incorporates FMEA into the QS9000 and since then, this technique is useful for all organizations.		The first application of FMEA dates back to the end of the 1940s when the US Army used it in the aeronautic sector to solve safety and reliability problems in the production and design phases. After this, NASA continued the implementation of FMEA in the early 1960s through the Apollo Program, and some years later, FMEA was adopted by the automotive industry and specifically from Citroen and Peugeot. In 1993 AIAG incorporates FMEA into the QS9000 and since then, this technique is useful for all organizations.

S212866: /* What is FMEA - Evolution of FMEA */

2022-03-19T11:56:04Z

What is FMEA - Evolution of FMEA

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:56, 19 March 2022
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	Failure Mode and Effects Analysis can be characterized as an easy to implement and yet powerful pro-active engineering quality method that helps to identify and counter the weak points in the early conception phase of products and processes <ref name="Innovation FMEA"> Bahrami M., Bazzaz D. H., Sajjadi S. M., “Innovations and Improvements in Project Implementation and Management; Using FMEA Technique”, International Conference on Leadership, Technology and Innovation Management, Elsevier Ltd., 2012, DOI: 0.1016/j.sbspro.2012.04.050. </ref>. In other words, FMEA is a systematic/predictive maintenance method that allows evaluating a process to identify where and how it might fail, identify and ranking the risks associated with various product (or process) failure modes (both existing and potential), prioritizing them for remedial action, acting on the highest-ranked items, re-evaluating those items and returning to the prioritizing step in a constant loop until marginal returns set in<ref name="Innovation FMEA"> Bahrami M., Bazzaz D. H., Sajjadi S. M., “Innovations and Improvements in Project Implementation and Management; Using FMEA Technique”, International Conference on Leadership, Technology and Innovation Management, Elsevier Ltd., 2012, DOI: 0.1016/j.sbspro.2012.04.050 </ref> <ref name="Dailey"> Dailey, K. W., “The FMEA Pocket Handbook”, DW Publishing Co., Detroit, MI, 2004 </ref>.		Failure Mode and Effects Analysis can be characterized as an easy to implement and yet powerful pro-active engineering quality method that helps to identify and counter the weak points in the early conception phase of products and processes <ref name="Innovation FMEA"> Bahrami M., Bazzaz D. H., Sajjadi S. M., “Innovations and Improvements in Project Implementation and Management; Using FMEA Technique”, International Conference on Leadership, Technology and Innovation Management, Elsevier Ltd., 2012, DOI: 0.1016/j.sbspro.2012.04.050. </ref>. In other words, FMEA is a systematic/predictive maintenance method that allows evaluating a process to identify where and how it might fail, identify and ranking the risks associated with various product (or process) failure modes (both existing and potential), prioritizing them for remedial action, acting on the highest-ranked items, re-evaluating those items and returning to the prioritizing step in a constant loop until marginal returns set in<ref name="Innovation FMEA"> Bahrami M., Bazzaz D. H., Sajjadi S. M., “Innovations and Improvements in Project Implementation and Management; Using FMEA Technique”, International Conference on Leadership, Technology and Innovation Management, Elsevier Ltd., 2012, DOI: 0.1016/j.sbspro.2012.04.050 </ref> <ref name="Dailey"> Dailey, K. W., “The FMEA Pocket Handbook”, DW Publishing Co., Detroit, MI, 2004 </ref>.

	FMEA is trying to anticipate potential problems before they occur, so ~~it can be said that~~, from a time perspective, FMEA is essential in the earliest development phases and thus, an early and accurate implementation of the method can be crucial for reducing the corrective actions as well eliminating the cost of a non-compliance identification. The measures that are taken into consideration when FMEA is being implemented is: the probability of failure occurrence (O), the severity of the failure (S), and finally the capacity to detect the failure before it occurs – detection (D) <ref name="Innovation FMEA"> Bahrami M., Bazzaz D. H., Sajjadi S. M., “Innovations and Improvements in Project Implementation and Management; Using FMEA Technique”, International Conference on Leadership, Technology and Innovation Management, Elsevier Ltd., 2012, DOI: 0.1016/j.sbspro.2012.04.050. </ref>. The multiplication of these measures generates the RPN (RPN = Occurrence * Severity * Detection). The special and professional workforce that will implement the FMEA consists of a multidisciplinary team of people from different educational backgrounds and areas, (design, management, engineering, manufacturing) skilled with specific product/process know-how.		FMEA is trying to anticipate potential problems before they occur, so, from a time perspective, FMEA is essential in the earliest development phases and thus, an early and accurate implementation of the method can be crucial for reducing the corrective actions as well eliminating the cost of a non-compliance identification. The measures that are taken into consideration when FMEA is being implemented is: the probability of failure occurrence (O), the severity of the failure (S), and finally the capacity to detect the failure before it occurs – detection (D) <ref name="Innovation FMEA"> Bahrami M., Bazzaz D. H., Sajjadi S. M., “Innovations and Improvements in Project Implementation and Management; Using FMEA Technique”, International Conference on Leadership, Technology and Innovation Management, Elsevier Ltd., 2012, DOI: 0.1016/j.sbspro.2012.04.050. </ref>. The multiplication of these measures generates the RPN (RPN = Occurrence * Severity * Detection). The special and professional workforce that will implement the FMEA consists of a multidisciplinary team of people from different educational backgrounds and areas, (design, management, engineering, manufacturing) skilled with specific product/process know-how.

	The first application of FMEA dates back to the end of the 1940s when the US Army used it in the aeronautic sector to solve safety and reliability problems in the production and design phases. After this, NASA continued the implementation of FMEA in the early 1960s through the Apollo Program, and some years later, FMEA was adopted by the automotive industry and specifically from Citroen and Peugeot. In 1993 AIAG incorporates FMEA into the QS9000 and since then, this technique is useful for all organizations.		The first application of FMEA dates back to the end of the 1940s when the US Army used it in the aeronautic sector to solve safety and reliability problems in the production and design phases. After this, NASA continued the implementation of FMEA in the early 1960s through the Apollo Program, and some years later, FMEA was adopted by the automotive industry and specifically from Citroen and Peugeot. In 1993 AIAG incorporates FMEA into the QS9000 and since then, this technique is useful for all organizations.

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2022-03-19T11:19:26Z

How to use FMEA?

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	'''Figure 1''' : Implementation phases of FMEA <ref name="Innovation FMEA"> Bahrami M., Bazzaz D. H., Sajjadi S. M., “Innovations and Improvements in Project Implementation and Management; Using FMEA Technique”, International Conference on Leadership, Technology and Innovation Management, Elsevier Ltd., 2012, DOI: 0.1016/j.sbspro.2012.04.050. </ref>.		'''Figure 1''' : Implementation phases of FMEA <ref name="Innovation FMEA"> Bahrami M., Bazzaz D. H., Sajjadi S. M., “Innovations and Improvements in Project Implementation and Management; Using FMEA Technique”, International Conference on Leadership, Technology and Innovation Management, Elsevier Ltd., 2012, DOI: 0.1016/j.sbspro.2012.04.050. </ref>.


	The process of FMEA consists of 5 different steps:		The process of FMEA consists of 5 different steps:

S212866: /* How to use FMEA? */

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How to use FMEA?

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	'''Figure 1''' : Implementation phases of FMEA <ref name="Innovation FMEA"> Bahrami M., Bazzaz D. H., Sajjadi S. M., “Innovations and Improvements in Project Implementation and Management; Using FMEA Technique”, International Conference on Leadership, Technology and Innovation Management, Elsevier Ltd., 2012, DOI: 0.1016/j.sbspro.2012.04.050. </ref>.		'''Figure 1''' : Implementation phases of FMEA <ref name="Innovation FMEA"> Bahrami M., Bazzaz D. H., Sajjadi S. M., “Innovations and Improvements in Project Implementation and Management; Using FMEA Technique”, International Conference on Leadership, Technology and Innovation Management, Elsevier Ltd., 2012, DOI: 0.1016/j.sbspro.2012.04.050. </ref>.



	The process of FMEA consists of 5 different steps:		The process of FMEA consists of 5 different steps:

S212866: /* How to use FMEA? */

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How to use FMEA?

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	[[File:FMEA.png]]		[[File:FMEA.png]]

	'''Figure 1''' Implementation phases of FMEA <ref name="Innovation FMEA"> Bahrami M., Bazzaz D. H., Sajjadi S. M., “Innovations and Improvements in Project Implementation and Management; Using FMEA Technique”, International Conference on Leadership, Technology and Innovation Management, Elsevier Ltd., 2012, DOI: 0.1016/j.sbspro.2012.04.050. </ref>.		'''Figure 1''' : Implementation phases of FMEA <ref name="Innovation FMEA"> Bahrami M., Bazzaz D. H., Sajjadi S. M., “Innovations and Improvements in Project Implementation and Management; Using FMEA Technique”, International Conference on Leadership, Technology and Innovation Management, Elsevier Ltd., 2012, DOI: 0.1016/j.sbspro.2012.04.050. </ref>.