FMEA – Failure Mode and Effects Analysis - Revision history

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	Subsequently, in the failure analysis, the specified individual elements are examined one after the other for errors or malfunctions. Above all, potential errors are to be recorded at this point <ref name="Hering"/><ref name="Werdich"/>. In order to fully investigate all risks and to be able to successfully carry out the subsequent optimization of the product or process, the consequences and causes of the errors are also intensively determined <ref name="Brueggemann"/><ref name="Jakoby"/> ~~p. 109-111~~. The function tree which was created during the function analysis can be used to illustrate the associated errors and malfunctions related to the functions. This can help to provide an overview and to conclude on further error causes <ref name="Hering"/><ref name="Jakoby"/>.		Subsequently, in the failure analysis, the specified individual elements are examined one after the other for errors or malfunctions. Above all, potential errors are to be recorded at this point <ref name="Hering"/><ref name="Werdich"/>. In order to fully investigate all risks and to be able to successfully carry out the subsequent optimization of the product or process, the consequences and causes of the errors are also intensively determined <ref name="Brueggemann"/><ref name="Jakoby"/>. The function tree which was created during the function analysis can be used to illustrate the associated errors and malfunctions related to the functions. This can help to provide an overview and to conclude on further error causes <ref name="Hering"/><ref name="Jakoby"/>.

	=== Risk Analysis (5) ===		=== Risk Analysis (5) ===

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	[[File:Example of FMEA-Scenario – Dispensing cash requested by a customer at an ATM .png\|thumb\|center\|1000px\|Figure 3: Worksheet for FMEA: Example: Cash ~~withdrawal~~ at ATM <ref name="Agile"/>]]		[[File:Example of FMEA-Scenario – Dispensing cash requested by a customer at an ATM .png\|thumb\|center\|1000px\|Figure 3: Worksheet for FMEA: Example: Cash Withdrawal at an ATM <ref name="Agile"/>]]

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	This article provides a comprehensive overview of FMEA, including its origin, the different types of FMEA, the steps involved in conducting an FMEA, an example of application, and the benefits and limitations of an FMEA.		This article provides a comprehensive overview of FMEA, including its origin, the different types of FMEA, the steps involved in conducting an FMEA, an example of application, and the benefits and limitations of an FMEA.


	== Definition and Origin ==		== Definition and Origin ==
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	Among others, it was then used in the field of services and project management <ref name="Werdich"/>.		Among others, it was then used in the field of services and project management <ref name="Werdich"/>.
	Subsequently, the standard was given a more thorough definition. In order to provide a globally consistent standard, the VDA standard and the Automobile Industry Action Group standard were aligned in 2019 <ref name="KVP"/>.		Subsequently, the standard was given a more thorough definition. In order to provide a globally consistent standard, the VDA standard and the Automobile Industry Action Group standard were aligned in 2019 <ref name="KVP"/>.


	== Types of FMEA: Design FMEA and Process FMEA ==		== Types of FMEA: Design FMEA and Process FMEA ==
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	The Process FMEA or PFMEA has the goal to uncover risks within a new or an existing process. It is used in particular for the investigation of manufacturing and assembly processes in the context of product development but also in the service and project management area. PFMEA is carried out before a new process is implemented or before changes made to existing processes take effect. Both scenarios for doing PFMEA intend to find any risks that could negatively impact the product, quality, safety, and customer satisfaction <ref name="Brueggemann"/>.		The Process FMEA or PFMEA has the goal to uncover risks within a new or an existing process. It is used in particular for the investigation of manufacturing and assembly processes in the context of product development but also in the service and project management area. PFMEA is carried out before a new process is implemented or before changes made to existing processes take effect. Both scenarios for doing PFMEA intend to find any risks that could negatively impact the product, quality, safety, and customer satisfaction <ref name="Brueggemann"/>.


	== FMEA Process ==		== FMEA Process ==
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	In the final step, the results of the FMEA are evaluated and documented. Then, depending on the type and area of the FMEA, the results are also shared with the affected stakeholders, including customers and suppliers <ref name="Brueggemann"/>. For documentation, a worksheet can be used to capture the various steps of the FMEA. In order to be able to represent the complex structures of the FMEA, function, and error trees should also be integrated into the documentation <ref name="Hering"/>.		In the final step, the results of the FMEA are evaluated and documented. Then, depending on the type and area of the FMEA, the results are also shared with the affected stakeholders, including customers and suppliers <ref name="Brueggemann"/>. For documentation, a worksheet can be used to capture the various steps of the FMEA. In order to be able to represent the complex structures of the FMEA, function, and error trees should also be integrated into the documentation <ref name="Hering"/>.


	== Example of Application ==		== Example of Application ==
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	The online article "FMEA - So erkennen und vermeiden Sie Fehler rechtzeitig" by Schröder gives a general overview of the FMEA methodology and how it can be used to identify and prevent errors across different industries. The author focuses on the value of an FMEA in proactive risk management and offers helpful advice for conducting one. In order to avoid costly mistakes later on, Schröder also emphasizes the advantages of using FMEA during the product design and development process. This method allows for the early identification and correction of any potential flaws.		The online article "FMEA - So erkennen und vermeiden Sie Fehler rechtzeitig" by Schröder gives a general overview of the FMEA methodology and how it can be used to identify and prevent errors across different industries. The author focuses on the value of an FMEA in proactive risk management and offers helpful advice for conducting one. In order to avoid costly mistakes later on, Schröder also emphasizes the advantages of using FMEA during the product design and development process. This method allows for the early identification and correction of any potential flaws.


	== References ==		== References ==

S222581: /* Abstract */

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Abstract

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	== Abstract ==		== Abstract ==

	The Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) is a widely used quality management tool ~~used to identify~~ and ~~analyze~~ potential failure modes in a system, ~~determine~~ their causes and effects, ~~estimate~~ the ~~associated~~ risks, and ~~prioritize~~ the actions ~~needed~~ to ~~reduce~~ these risks. ~~By using~~ FMEA, project managers can ~~detect possible issues~~ at an early stage of product or process ~~development~~ and take ~~action~~ to evaluate, ~~reduce~~, and eliminate risks~~, leading to~~ a functioning quality management system that minimizes the ~~cost~~ of ~~eliminating errors~~ and the impact of errors <ref name="Brueggemann"/>.		The Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) is a widely used quality management tool for identifying and evaluating potential failure modes in a system, figuring out their causes and effects, estimating the risks involved, and prioritizing the actions required to lower these risks. Using FMEA, project managers can identify potential problems at an early stage of the development of a product or process and can take steps to evaluate, lower, and eliminate risks. This results in a functioning quality management system that minimizes the expense of error-reduction efforts and the impact of errors <ref name="Brueggemann"/>.

	FMEA originated in the US military in 1949 and was widely used in the 1960s, particularly in the automotive industry, but later became industry independent. ~~In 1990 the~~ German Association for Quality ~~issued a~~ universal ~~explanation~~ of the tool <ref name="Werdich"/><ref name="KVP"/>.		FMEA originated in the US military in 1949 and was widely used in the 1960s, particularly in the automotive industry, but later became industry independent. The German Association for Quality published an universal description of the tool in 1990 <ref name="Werdich"/><ref name="KVP"/>.
	There are several types of FMEA, including Design FMEA, Process FMEA, and System FMEA, each of which targets specific aspects of a product or process. Design FMEA focuses on potential sources of failure in the design process, while process FMEA targets sources of failure in the production process. System FMEA examines the entire system and identifies potential failure sources that can impact the entire system <ref name="Brueggemann"/>.		There are several types of FMEA, including Design FMEA, Process FMEA, and System FMEA, each of which targets specific aspects of a product or process. Design FMEA focuses on potential sources of failure in the design process, while process FMEA targets sources of failure in the production process. System FMEA examines the entire system and identifies potential failure sources that can impact the entire system <ref name="Brueggemann"/>.

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Abstract

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	== Abstract ==		== Abstract ==

	The Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) is a quality management tool used to identify and analyze potential failure modes in a system, determine their causes and effects, estimate the associated risks, and prioritize the actions needed to reduce these risks. By using FMEA, project managers can detect possible issues at an early stage of product or process development and take action to evaluate, reduce, and eliminate risks, leading to a functioning quality management system that minimizes the cost of eliminating errors and the impact of errors <ref name="Brueggemann"/>.		The Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) is a widely used quality management tool used to identify and analyze potential failure modes in a system, determine their causes and effects, estimate the associated risks, and prioritize the actions needed to reduce these risks. By using FMEA, project managers can detect possible issues at an early stage of product or process development and take action to evaluate, reduce, and eliminate risks, leading to a functioning quality management system that minimizes the cost of eliminating errors and the impact of errors <ref name="Brueggemann"/>.

	FMEA originated in the US military in 1949 and was widely used in the 1960s, particularly in the automotive industry, but later became industry independent. In 1990 the German Association for Quality issued a universal explanation of the tool <ref name="Werdich"/><ref name="KVP"/>.		FMEA originated in the US military in 1949 and was widely used in the 1960s, particularly in the automotive industry, but later became industry independent. In 1990 the German Association for Quality issued a universal explanation of the tool <ref name="Werdich"/><ref name="KVP"/>.

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References

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	<ref name="Schroeder"> Schröder, A. (2017) FMEA - So erkennen und vermeiden Sie Fehler rechtzeitig. Management consultancy		<ref name="Schroeder"> Schröder, A. (2017) FMEA - So erkennen und vermeiden Sie Fehler rechtzeitig. Management consultancy
	Axel Schröder. retrieved on 03.03.2023, from https://axel-schroeder.de/fmea-fehler-fruehzeitig-erkennen-und-vermeiden/.</ref>		Axel Schröder. retrieved on 03.03.2023, from https://axel-schroeder.de/fmea-fehler-fruehzeitig-erkennen-und-vermeiden/.</ref>

	~~<ref name="Stamatis"> Stamatis, D. H. (2013) Failure mode and effect analysis: FMEA from theory to execution. ASQ Quality Press.</ref>~~

	~~<ref name="Vose"> Vose, D. (2008) Risk analysis: A quantitative guide. John Wiley & Sons.</ref>~~

	<ref name="Werdich"> Werdich, M. (2012) FMEA - Einführung und Moderation. Vieweg+Teubner Verlag. p.6-7, p.21, p.23-34, p.38, p.47, p.50-51, p.54–55, p.67. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-8348-2217-8.</ref>		<ref name="Werdich"> Werdich, M. (2012) FMEA - Einführung und Moderation. Vieweg+Teubner Verlag. p.6-7, p.21, p.23-34, p.38, p.47, p.50-51, p.54–55, p.67. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-8348-2217-8.</ref>

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Abstract

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	There are several types of FMEA, including Design FMEA, Process FMEA, and System FMEA, each of which targets specific aspects of a product or process. Design FMEA focuses on potential sources of failure in the design process, while process FMEA targets sources of failure in the production process. System FMEA examines the entire system and identifies potential failure sources that can impact the entire system <ref name="Brueggemann"/>.		There are several types of FMEA, including Design FMEA, Process FMEA, and System FMEA, each of which targets specific aspects of a product or process. Design FMEA focuses on potential sources of failure in the design process, while process FMEA targets sources of failure in the production process. System FMEA examines the entire system and identifies potential failure sources that can impact the entire system <ref name="Brueggemann"/>.

	Furthermore, the FMEA process consists of seven steps which involve planning and preparation, structure analysis, function analysis, failure analysis, risk analysis, optimization, and the documentation of the results. The planning and preparation phase defines the production area to be examined and expectations for the investigation subject of the FMEA. The structure analysis involves dividing the object of investigation into individual elements, while the function analysis describes the functions of the individual elements of the system. The failure analysis identifies the possible failure modes, and the risk analysis assesses the severity, occurrence, and detectability of each failure mode. The optimization prioritizes the actions that should be taken to reduce risks. Finally, the results are documented.		Furthermore, the FMEA process consists of seven steps which involve planning and preparation, structure analysis, function analysis, failure analysis, risk analysis, optimization, and the documentation of the results. The planning and preparation phase defines the production area to be examined and expectations for the investigation subject of the FMEA. The structure analysis involves dividing the object of investigation into individual elements, while the function analysis describes the functions of the individual elements of the system. The failure analysis identifies the possible failure modes, and the risk analysis assesses the severity, occurrence, and detectability of each failure mode. The optimization prioritizes the actions that should be taken to reduce risks. Finally, the results are documented <ref name="Brueggemann"/><ref name="Werdich"/><ref name="Schroeder"/>.

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Abstract

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	The Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) is a quality management tool used to identify and analyze potential failure modes in a system, determine their causes and effects, estimate the associated risks, and prioritize the actions needed to reduce these risks. By using FMEA, project managers can detect possible issues at an early stage of product or process development and take action to evaluate, reduce, and eliminate risks, leading to a functioning quality management system that minimizes the cost of eliminating errors and the impact of errors <ref name="Brueggemann"/>.		The Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) is a quality management tool used to identify and analyze potential failure modes in a system, determine their causes and effects, estimate the associated risks, and prioritize the actions needed to reduce these risks. By using FMEA, project managers can detect possible issues at an early stage of product or process development and take action to evaluate, reduce, and eliminate risks, leading to a functioning quality management system that minimizes the cost of eliminating errors and the impact of errors <ref name="Brueggemann"/>.

	FMEA originated in the US military in 1949 and was widely used in the 1960s, particularly in the automotive industry, but later became industry independent. In 1990 the German Association for Quality issued a universal explanation of the tool <ref name="Werdich"/><ref name="KVP"/>.		FMEA originated in the US military in 1949 and was widely used in the 1960s, particularly in the automotive industry, but later became industry independent. In 1990 the German Association for Quality issued a universal explanation of the tool <ref name="Werdich"/><ref name="KVP"/>.
	There are several types of FMEA, including Design FMEA, Process FMEA, and System FMEA, each of which targets specific aspects of a product or process. Design FMEA focuses on potential sources of failure in the design process, while process FMEA targets sources of failure in the production process. System FMEA examines the entire system and identifies potential failure sources that can impact the entire system <ref name="Brueggemann"/>.		There are several types of FMEA, including Design FMEA, Process FMEA, and System FMEA, each of which targets specific aspects of a product or process. Design FMEA focuses on potential sources of failure in the design process, while process FMEA targets sources of failure in the production process. System FMEA examines the entire system and identifies potential failure sources that can impact the entire system <ref name="Brueggemann"/>.

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Abstract

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	The Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) is a quality management tool used to identify and analyze potential failure modes in a system, determine their causes and effects, estimate the associated risks, and prioritize the actions needed to reduce these risks. By using FMEA, project managers can detect possible issues at an early stage of product or process development and take action to evaluate, reduce, and eliminate risks, leading to a functioning quality management system that minimizes the cost of eliminating errors and the impact of errors <ref name="Brueggemann"/>.		The Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) is a quality management tool used to identify and analyze potential failure modes in a system, determine their causes and effects, estimate the associated risks, and prioritize the actions needed to reduce these risks. By using FMEA, project managers can detect possible issues at an early stage of product or process development and take action to evaluate, reduce, and eliminate risks, leading to a functioning quality management system that minimizes the cost of eliminating errors and the impact of errors <ref name="Brueggemann"/>.

	FMEA originated in the US military in 1949 and was widely used in the 1960s, particularly in the automotive industry, but later became industry independent. In 1990 the German Association for Quality issued a universal explanation of the tool <ref name="Werdich"/><ref name="KVP"/>.		FMEA originated in the US military in 1949 and was widely used in the 1960s, particularly in the automotive industry, but later became industry independent. In 1990 the German Association for Quality issued a universal explanation of the tool <ref name="Werdich"/><ref name="KVP"/>.
	There are several types of FMEA, including Design FMEA, Process FMEA, and System FMEA, each of which targets specific aspects of a product or process. Design FMEA focuses on potential sources of failure in the design process, while process FMEA targets sources of failure in the production process. System FMEA examines the entire system and identifies potential failure sources that can impact the entire system <ref name="Brueggemann"/>.		There are several types of FMEA, including Design FMEA, Process FMEA, and System FMEA, each of which targets specific aspects of a product or process. Design FMEA focuses on potential sources of failure in the design process, while process FMEA targets sources of failure in the production process. System FMEA examines the entire system and identifies potential failure sources that can impact the entire system <ref name="Brueggemann"/>.

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Abstract

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	FMEA originated in the US military in 1949 and was widely used in the 1960s, particularly in the automotive industry, but later became industry independent. In 1990 the German Association for Quality issued a universal explanation of the tool <ref name="Werdich"/><ref name="KVP"/>.		FMEA originated in the US military in 1949 and was widely used in the 1960s, particularly in the automotive industry, but later became industry independent. In 1990 the German Association for Quality issued a universal explanation of the tool <ref name="Werdich"/><ref name="KVP"/>.
	There are several types of FMEA, including Design FMEA, Process FMEA, and System FMEA, each of which targets specific aspects of a product or process. Design FMEA focuses on potential sources of failure in the design process, while process FMEA targets sources of failure in the production process. System FMEA examines the entire system and identifies potential failure sources that can impact the entire system <ref name="~~Vose~~"/>.		There are several types of FMEA, including Design FMEA, Process FMEA, and System FMEA, each of which targets specific aspects of a product or process. Design FMEA focuses on potential sources of failure in the design process, while process FMEA targets sources of failure in the production process. System FMEA examines the entire system and identifies potential failure sources that can impact the entire system <ref name="Brueggemann"/>.

	Furthermore, the FMEA process consists of seven steps which involve planning and preparation, structure analysis, function analysis, failure analysis, risk analysis, optimization, and the documentation of the results. The planning and preparation phase defines the production area to be examined and expectations for the investigation subject of the FMEA. The structure analysis involves dividing the object of investigation into individual elements, while the function analysis describes the functions of the individual elements of the system. The failure analysis identifies the possible failure modes, and the risk analysis assesses the severity, occurrence, and detectability of each failure mode. The optimization prioritizes the actions that should be taken to reduce risks. Finally, the results are documented.		Furthermore, the FMEA process consists of seven steps which involve planning and preparation, structure analysis, function analysis, failure analysis, risk analysis, optimization, and the documentation of the results. The planning and preparation phase defines the production area to be examined and expectations for the investigation subject of the FMEA. The structure analysis involves dividing the object of investigation into individual elements, while the function analysis describes the functions of the individual elements of the system. The failure analysis identifies the possible failure modes, and the risk analysis assesses the severity, occurrence, and detectability of each failure mode. The optimization prioritizes the actions that should be taken to reduce risks. Finally, the results are documented.