Development phase of idea to project - Revision history

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			''Developed by Antti Heikinpoika Helassalo''


	A project could be described to be scheduled results-oriented multitask unity which includes certain amount of risks. For execution the project organization has to be implemented for the specific project. Each project has its own precisely defined objectives which are developed from the idea. In addition to the objectives the project has to be defined by project organization, time schedule and the resources which are available. Succesful projects are normally achieved by doing thoroughly groundwork of the idea.		A project could be described to be scheduled results-oriented multitask unity which includes certain amount of risks. For execution the project organization has to be implemented for the specific project. Each project has its own precisely defined objectives which are developed from the idea. In addition to the objectives the project has to be defined by project organization, time schedule and the resources which are available. Succesful projects are normally achieved by doing thoroughly groundwork of the idea.

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	The most common shortcomings in the project planning are neglect of adequate preliminary studies as well as poor management of the structure concerning the plans. The project plan may not the work as effective as it should.		The most common shortcomings in the project planning are neglect of adequate preliminary studies as well as poor management of the structure concerning the plans. The project plan may not the work as effective as it should.

	A closer examination of not so successful projects often also reveals that the projects are planned much of the project producer and experts viewpoint. Stakeholders and the target groups (customers) haven’t been adequately addressed about the project. The beneficiaries commitment has stayed weak because they haven’t had a sufficient enough impact on the project specially on the content or operating models.		A closer examination of not so successful projects often also reveals that the projects are planned much of the project producer and experts viewpoint. Stakeholders and the target groups (customers) haven’t been adequately addressed about the project. The beneficiaries commitment has stayed weak because they haven’t had a sufficient enough impact on the project specially on the content or operating models. <ref> [''https://www.tekes.fi''] ''Project guide '' Available at: https://www.tekes.fi/globalassets/julkaisut/projektiopas2004.pdf </ref>

	Behind of successful project can be found generally thorough groundwork. The implementation model is tailored to the needs and opportunities of the project stakeholders. Planning has involved every branch of the stakeholder network instead that the plans would be drawn by experts who are not involved enough on the project. As early as in the design phase of the project the end of the project has been thought, what is the level needed for accomplishing the objectives and what is needed to be done in order to continue operate in a sustainable basis.		Behind of successful project can be found generally thorough groundwork. The implementation model is tailored to the needs and opportunities of the project stakeholders. Planning has involved every branch of the stakeholder network instead that the plans would be drawn by experts who are not involved enough on the project. As early as in the design phase of the project the end of the project has been thought, what is the level needed for accomplishing the objectives and what is needed to be done in order to continue operate in a sustainable basis.
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	== Preliminary planning ==		== Preliminary planning ==

	Planning is advisable to start with critical preliminary design stage ~~on which~~ basis the more precise planning design for the project is selected. In the preliminary planning is needed to do various backround studies for starting the project and for comparing these studies good method could be to use SWOT analysis.		Planning is advisable to start with critical preliminary design stage. From this basis the more precise planning design for the project can be selected. In the preliminary planning is needed to do various backround studies for starting the project and for comparing these studies good method could be to use SWOT analysis.

	Preliminary Planning can be a formal or informal process depending on the organization, the culture, and its procedures. Either way, it is a good practice to gather some key information before you begin a project. This process can begin by answering these common Preliminay Planning questions: <ref> [''https://www.tekes.fi''] ''Project guide '' Available at: https://www.tekes.fi/globalassets/julkaisut/projektiopas2004.pdf </ref>		Preliminary Planning can be a formal or informal process depending on the organization, the culture, and its procedures. Either way, it is a good practice to gather some key information before you begin a project. This process can begin by answering these common Preliminay Planning questions: <ref> [''https://www.tekes.fi''] ''Project guide '' Available at: https://www.tekes.fi/globalassets/julkaisut/projektiopas2004.pdf </ref>
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	== SWOT analysis ==		== SWOT analysis ==
	[[File:Swot-analysis.jpg \|left\|300px\|thumb\| Figure 2:Swot-analysis Source:http://www.businessnewsdaily.com/4245-swot-analysis.html ]]The SWOT analysis is simple tool for identifying not only weaknesses and threats of the plan, but also the strengths and opportunities it makes possible. ~~Using the~~ SWOT puts the plan problems and choices more structured and systematic way. This helps just not to notice the areas where action and decision is needed but also make better choices in the start. SWOT is popular tool among companies because it fast and easy to use. But it can also cause problems being very subjective depending of the person doing the analysis. SWOT analysis should be used more as a guide instead as strict tool.		[[File:Swot-analysis.jpg \|left\|300px\|thumb\| Figure 2:Swot-analysis Source:http://www.businessnewsdaily.com/4245-swot-analysis.html ]]The SWOT analysis is simple tool for identifying not only weaknesses and threats of the plan, but also the strengths and opportunities it makes possible. SWOT analysis puts the plan problems and choices more structured and systematic way. This helps just not to notice the areas where action and decision is needed but also make better choices in the start. SWOT is popular tool among companies because its fast and easy to use. But it can also cause problems being very subjective depending of the person doing the analysis. SWOT analysis should be used more as a guide instead as strict tool.

	SWOT is presented by 2x2 matrix, strength/ weaknesses for internal factors and opportunities/threats for external factors.		SWOT is presented by 2x2 matrix, strength/ weaknesses for internal factors and opportunities/threats for external factors.
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	= Decision making phase =		= Decision making phase =

	“''Decision making is the study of identifying and choosing alternatives based on the values and preferences of the decision maker. Making a decision implies that there are alternative choices to be considered, and in such a case we want not only to identify as many of these alternatives as possible but to choose the one that best fits with our goals, objectives, desires, values, and so on''“		“''Decision making is the study of identifying and choosing alternatives based on the values and preferences of the decision maker. Making a decision implies that there are alternative choices to be considered, and in such a case we want not only to identify as many of these alternatives as possible but to choose the one that best fits with our goals, objectives, desires, values, and so on''“ (Baker 2001)

	Between preplanning and actual project planning should always be decision making phase on which is determined should the idea be continued or rejected because the risks are too great. Reasons can be various for example that the project wouldn’t be sustainable in the long run or results of the project are not sufficient enough. When defining the scope of the project there are areas which are needed for critical examination. Is there real need and demand for the project? Are there enough strengths and external chances that the idea really has choices for a project?		Between preplanning and actual project planning should always be decision making phase on which is determined should the idea be continued or rejected because the risks are too great. Reasons can be various for example that the project wouldn’t be sustainable in the long run or results of the project are not sufficient enough. When defining the scope of the project there are areas which are needed for critical examination. Is there real need and demand for the project? Are there enough strengths and external chances that the idea really has choices for a project?

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	A project could be described to be scheduled results-oriented multitask unity which includes certain amount of risks. For execution the project an organization has to be ~~implented~~ for the specific project. Each project has its own precisely defined objectives which are developed from the idea. In addition to the objectives the project has to be defined by project organization, time schedule and the resources which are available. Succesful projects are normally achieved by doing ~~thorough~~ groundwork of the idea.		A project could be described to be scheduled results-oriented multitask unity which includes certain amount of risks. For execution the project organization has to be implemented for the specific project. Each project has its own precisely defined objectives which are developed from the idea. In addition to the objectives the project has to be defined by project organization, time schedule and the resources which are available. Succesful projects are normally achieved by doing thoroughly groundwork of the idea.

	This article focuses in the area where is critical that the start of planning process should be involved from the beginning of the idea so all relevant factors could be taken into account for success of the project. The planning is based on the one hand resolving the obstacles in the development process, on the other hand assessing the risk, opportunities and strengths that the project could meet. From the different options should be selected the most effective and durable option. In the article is given choices for ~~working methods and tools~~.		This article focuses in the area where is critical that the start of planning process should be involved from the beginning of the idea so all relevant factors could be taken into account for success of the project. The planning is based on the one hand resolving the obstacles in the development process, on the other hand assessing the risk, opportunities and strengths that the project could meet. From the different options should be selected the most effective and durable option. In the article is given choices for different options.

	= What is a project? =		= What is a project? =
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	'''Cost''' – This is the estimation of the amount of money that will be required to complete the project. Cost itself encompasses various things, such as: resources~~, labor rates for contractors~~, risk estimates, bills of materials, et cetera. All aspects of the project that have a monetary component are made part of the overall cost structure.		'''Cost''' – This is the estimation of the amount of money that will be required to complete the project. Cost itself encompasses various things, such as: resources, risk estimates, bills of materials, et cetera. All aspects of the project that have a monetary component are made part of the overall cost structure.


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	*Initation		*Initation

	In initiation phase the idea for the project will be carefully examined and the goals of the idea determined. After the goals have been chosen the project can be initiated with the first phase. . The purpose of this phase is to develop high level plan and risk assessment for the proposed project. Also several high-level project management deliverables are producted in this phase. These will provide foundation for the Project Charter.		In initiation phase the idea for the project will be carefully examined and the goals of the idea determined. After the goals have been chosen the project can be initiated with the first phase. The purpose of this phase is to develop high level plan and risk assessment for the proposed project. Also several high-level project management deliverables are producted in this phase. These will provide foundation for the Project Charter.

	*Planning		*Planning
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	*Closing		*Closing

	At close-out phase all the project activities and deliverables are completed. Final reviews and documentation are completed and delivered to customer. The activities of this phase also ensures that all experience, pros and cons are shared among the people who were involved with the project.		At close out phase all the project activities and deliverables are completed. Final reviews and documentation are completed and delivered to customer. The activities of this phase also ensures that all experience, pros and cons are shared among the people who were involved with the project.


	Much of the work in project management falls into the planning phase. It is often one the most important phases in the project and the focus in this article is on the planning.		Much of the work in project management falls into the planning phase. It is often one of the most important phases in the project and the focus in this article is also on the planning.

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	Decision making should start with the identification of the decision makers and stakeholders in the decision,reducing the possible disagreement about problem definition, requirements, goals and criteria. Then, a general decision making process can		Decision making should start with the identification of the decision makers and stakeholders in the decision,reducing the possible disagreement about problem definition, requirements, goals and criteria. Then, a general decision making process can
	be divided into the following steps:		be divided into the following steps: <ref> ''Project Management Institute®, 2000, A guide to the Project Management body of knowledge. Pennsylvania [[http://www.cs.bilkent.edu.tr/~cagatay/cs413/PMBOK.pdf Available online]] </ref>


	* Step 1. Define the problem		* Step 1. Define the problem

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	Planning is advisable to start with critical preliminary design stage on which basis the more precise planning design for the project is selected. In the preliminary planning is needed to do various backround studies for starting the project and for comparing these studies good method could be to use SWOT analysis.		Planning is advisable to start with critical preliminary design stage on which basis the more precise planning design for the project is selected. In the preliminary planning is needed to do various backround studies for starting the project and for comparing these studies good method could be to use SWOT analysis.

	Preliminary Planning can be a formal or informal process depending on the organization, the culture, and its procedures. Either way, it is a good practice to gather some key information before you begin a project. This process can begin by answering these common Preliminay Planning questions:		Preliminary Planning can be a formal or informal process depending on the organization, the culture, and its procedures. Either way, it is a good practice to gather some key information before you begin a project. This process can begin by answering these common Preliminay Planning questions: <ref> [''https://www.tekes.fi''] ''Project guide '' Available at: https://www.tekes.fi/globalassets/julkaisut/projektiopas2004.pdf </ref>


	*1. What is the goal of the project?		*1. What is the goal of the project?

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	Projects have many different ways to be descriped. However, there are some similarities that all projects have. The most common similarity is a specific time frame. All project have to have beginning and an end. Some operations can be called “project” but they are actually programs as they star to extend indefinitely and cover broader, less specific business objectives.		Projects have many different ways to be descriped. However, there are some similarities that all projects have. The most common similarity is a specific time frame. All project have to have beginning and an end. Some operations can be called “project” but they are actually programs as they star to extend indefinitely and cover broader, less specific business objectives.

	Project must have clear goal or objective which should be reach in specified time frame. The objective has to be specific, identifiable and can be accomplished. A project normally involves different activities which provides qualifiable and quantifiable results which added together will in the end accomplish the overall project.		Project must have clear goal or objective which should be reach in specified time frame. The objective has to be specific, identifiable and can be accomplished. A project normally involves different activities which provides qualifiable and quantifiable results which added together will in the end accomplish the overall project.<ref> [''https://www.chandleraz.gov''] ''Project Management Methodology Guidelines '' Available at: https://www.chandleraz.gov/Content/PM000PMMethodologyGDE.pdf </ref>


	Key characteristic of projects:		Key characteristic of projects:

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	== Discussion ==		= Discussion =

	=== Pros ===		=== Pros ===

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	= Discussion =		== Discussion ==

	== Pros ==		=== Pros ===

	In start of any project planning gives direction to the project organization and determine the course where the project should be heading. Without this there wouldn’t be any goals and work in the organization would be random. With clear goal through planning the project organization is also easier to face uncertainties and unexpected situations. Planning helps to confront the unexpected situations by making some assumptions regarding future with risks analysis. The analysis include situations like fire or other calamities in the organization. The analysis are kept aside in the plan to meet such uncertainties. With these the organization is more ready to make various decisions. As in planning goals are set in advance and predictions are made for future.These predictions and goals helps the organization to take fast decisions.		In start of any project planning gives direction to the project organization and determine the course where the project should be heading. Without this there wouldn’t be any goals and work in the organization would be random. With clear goal through planning the project organization is also easier to face uncertainties and unexpected situations. Planning helps to confront the unexpected situations by making some assumptions regarding future with risks analysis. The analysis include situations like fire or other calamities in the organization. The analysis are kept aside in the plan to meet such uncertainties. With these the organization is more ready to make various decisions. As in planning goals are set in advance and predictions are made for future.These predictions and goals helps the organization to take fast decisions.

	== Cons ==		=== Cons ===

	Planning process is very time-consuming process. It takes often long time to evaluate all the different alternatives and selecting the best one. Because of this time often runs out in a project planning and people making the planning are in hurry to make decision which in the end wouldn’t have been the best choice. Planning involves also lot of cost as being so long process. Some projects the organization has to hire outside expert which raises the cost even more. If in the project the benefits of the planning are not more than its cost then the planning should not be carried on.		Planning process is very time-consuming process. It takes often long time to evaluate all the different alternatives and selecting the best one. Because of this time often runs out in a project planning and people making the planning are in hurry to make decision which in the end wouldn’t have been the best choice. Planning involves also lot of cost as being so long process. Some projects the organization has to hire outside expert which raises the cost even more. If in the project the benefits of the planning are not more than its cost then the planning should not be carried on.

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	The project rarely goes exact as it is planned. In planning many assumptions are made without knowing the future because future stays always uncertain. So even the best plan does not guarantee success.		The project rarely goes exact as it is planned. In planning many assumptions are made without knowing the future because future stays always uncertain. So even the best plan does not guarantee success.

	== References ==		= References =

	<references />		<references />

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	Between preplanning and actual project planning should always be decision making phase on which is determined should the idea be continued or rejected because the risks are too great. Reasons can be various for example that the project wouldn’t be sustainable in the long run or results of the project are not sufficient enough. When defining the scope of the project there are areas which are needed for critical examination. Is there real need and demand for the project? Are there enough strengths and external chances that the idea really has choices for a project?		Between preplanning and actual project planning should always be decision making phase on which is determined should the idea be continued or rejected because the risks are too great. Reasons can be various for example that the project wouldn’t be sustainable in the long run or results of the project are not sufficient enough. When defining the scope of the project there are areas which are needed for critical examination. Is there real need and demand for the project? Are there enough strengths and external chances that the idea really has choices for a project?

	This decision making phase is practically the only phase where the poor project ideas could rejected. ~~Often after~~ the decision making phase cancelling the project is not anymore option. Different project partners have committed themselves so strongly ~~in implementing~~ the project that nobody is not ready ~~anymore~~ to put the project in end. The project partners have put too much resources on the certain project that pulling the is not anymore option.		This decision making phase is practically the only phase where the poor project ideas could be rejected. Very often when the decision making phase have passed cancelling the project is not anymore option. Different project partners have committed themselves so strongly on the project that nobody is not anymore ready to put the project to an end. The project partners have put too much resources on the certain project that pulling the plug is not anymore option.

	Decision making should start with the identification of the decision makers and stakeholders in the decision,reducing the possible disagreement about problem definition, requirements, goals and criteria. Then, a general decision making process can		Decision making should start with the identification of the decision makers and stakeholders in the decision,reducing the possible disagreement about problem definition, requirements, goals and criteria. Then, a general decision making process can
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	* Step 8. Validate solutions against problem statement		* Step 8. Validate solutions against problem statement

	~~The alternatives selected by the applied decision making tools have always to be validated against the requirements and goals of the decision problem.~~

	== Risks in the decision making ==		== Risks in the decision making ==

	In projects risks are often constant issue. Possible ~~risks~~ factors affects on the project and raises the questions that is the selected approach feasible and on sustainable basis?		In projects risks are often constant issue. Possible risk factors affects on the project and raises the questions that is the selected approach feasible and on sustainable basis?

	The risks can be external on which case the possible outcome is not anything that the project organization can influence. For example changes in the ~~stakeholders~~ commitment in the project or unexpected changes on the world economy. Only measure what can be made is to do enough backround investigations on how big the risks are. From the external risk factors is needed either to have sufficient assures that the risk is not ~~probaple~~ or customize the plan so that the risks will not have a significant impact on the project implementation or sustainability.		The risks can be external on which case the possible outcome is not anything that the project organization can influence. For example changes in the shareholders commitment in the project or unexpected changes on the world economy. Only measure what can be made is to do enough backround investigations on how big the risks are. From the external risk factors is needed either to have sufficient assures that the risk is not probable or customize the plan so that the risks will not have a significant impact on the project implementation or sustainability.

	Internal risks is often due of the project own implementation model. The risk can be prevented by designing the model in a way that the possibility of the risks happening stays minimal.		Internal risks is often due of the project own implementation model. The risk can be prevented by designing the model in a way that the possibility of the risks happening stays minimal.

	Good planning is that the preliminary solution for the model is systematic and from the external/internal threats has been made comprehensive risk analysis.The analysis should cover economic, technical, cultural and environmental factors. Project approach is to be changed if the probability of risk happening is high and it could affect either the implementation or sustainability of the project. In practise, the risk can be assessed in the same manner as its benefits. In general the risk focuses often in the same problem area.		Good planning is that the preliminary solution for the model is systematic and from the external/internal threats has been made comprehensive risk analysis. The analysis should cover economic, technical, cultural and environmental factors. Project approach is to be changed if the probability of risk happening is high and it could affect either the implementation or sustainability of the project. In practise, the risk can be assessed in the same manner as its benefits. In general the risk focuses often in the same problem area.


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	=== Pros ===		=== Pros ===

	In start of any project planning gives direction to the project ~~organization~~ and determine the course where the project ~~should be~~ heading. Without this there wouldn’t be any goals and work in the organization would be random. With clear goal through planning the project organization is also easier to face uncertainties and unexpected situations. Planning helps to confront the unexpected situations by making some assumptions regarding future with risks analysis. The analysis include situations like fire or other calamities in the organization. The analysis are kept aside in the plan to meet such uncertainties. With these the organization is more ready to make various decisions. As in planning goals are set in advance and predictions are made for future.These predictions and goals helps the organization to take fast decisions.		In start of any project, planning gives direction to the project and determine the course where the project is heading. Without this there wouldn’t be any goals and work in the project organization would be random. With clear goal through planning the project organization is also easier to face uncertainties and unexpected situations. Planning helps to confront the unexpected situations by making some assumptions regarding future with risks analysis. The analysis include situations like fire or other calamities in the organization. The analysis are kept aside in the plan to meet such uncertainties. With these the organization is more ready to make various decisions. As in planning goals are set in advance and predictions are made for future.These predictions and goals helps the organization to take fast decisions.

	=== Cons ===		=== Cons ===

	Planning process is very time-consuming process. It takes often long time to evaluate all the different alternatives and selecting the best one. Because of this time often runs out in a project planning and people making the ~~planning~~ are in hurry to make ~~decision~~ which in the end wouldn’t have been the best choice. Planning involves also lot of cost as being so long process. ~~Some~~ projects the organization has to hire outside expert which raises the cost even more. If in the project the benefits of the planning are not more than its cost then the planning should not be carried on.		Planning process is very time-consuming process. It takes often long time to evaluate all the different alternatives and selecting the best one. Because of this time often runs out in a project planning and people making the plans are in hurry to make decisions which in the end wouldn’t have been the best choice. Planning involves also lot of cost as being long process. For some projects the organization has to hire outside expert which raises the cost even more. If in the project the benefits of the planning are not more than its cost then the planning should not be carried on.

	The project rarely goes exact as it is planned. In planning many assumptions are made without knowing the future because future stays always uncertain. So even the best plan does not guarantee success.		The project rarely goes exact as it is planned. In planning many assumptions are made without knowing the future because future stays always uncertain. So even the best plan does not guarantee success.