Decision-making skills in project management - Revision history

Tkokotas at 18:47, 17 November 2018

2018-11-17T18:47:43Z

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			''Developed by Emmanouil Psomas''


	In project management, decisions need to be made on a frequent basis. Most are relatively unimportant, but others are critical and will cause the project to be successful or to fail. Decision-making is the act of choosing between two or more alternative options. In the wider process of problem-solving, decision-making involves choosing between possible solutions to a problem. The final decisions can be made through either an intuitive or reasoned process, or a combination of the two, depending on the nature of the decision. Reasoning has its roots in facts and knowledge, it ignores emotianl aspects and any other issues that may affect the way that the decision is implemented. On the other hand, intuition is more like a magical "sense", which comes from a combination of past experiences and personal values. It is definetely worth taking intuition into account, because it reflects life learnings, but also needs attention since personal perceptions may interfere with reasoning. More complicated decisions tend to require a more formal, structured approach, usually involving both intuition and reasoning. It is important to be wary of impulsive reactions to a situation, since hasty decisions may have big impact on a project, program or portfolio. <ref name="Intro">Decision Making, What is Decision-Making?. ''https://www.skillsyouneed.com/ips/decision-making.html''</ref>		In project management, decisions need to be made on a frequent basis. Most are relatively unimportant, but others are critical and will cause the project to be successful or to fail. Decision-making is the act of choosing between two or more alternative options. In the wider process of problem-solving, decision-making involves choosing between possible solutions to a problem. The final decisions can be made through either an intuitive or reasoned process, or a combination of the two, depending on the nature of the decision. Reasoning has its roots in facts and knowledge, it ignores emotianl aspects and any other issues that may affect the way that the decision is implemented. On the other hand, intuition is more like a magical "sense", which comes from a combination of past experiences and personal values. It is definetely worth taking intuition into account, because it reflects life learnings, but also needs attention since personal perceptions may interfere with reasoning. More complicated decisions tend to require a more formal, structured approach, usually involving both intuition and reasoning. It is important to be wary of impulsive reactions to a situation, since hasty decisions may have big impact on a project, program or portfolio. <ref name="Intro">Decision Making, What is Decision-Making?. ''https://www.skillsyouneed.com/ips/decision-making.html''</ref>

Manolis: /* Decision-making conditions */

2017-10-02T21:35:15Z

Decision-making conditions

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	====Decision-making conditions====		====Decision-making conditions====
	[[File:Decision-making-rr-mob20113-4-638.jpg\|350px\|thumb\|right\|~~Griffin's process for~~ decision~~-making~~.]]		[[File:Decision-making-rr-mob20113-4-638.jpg\|350px\|thumb\|right\|The different conditions under a decision can be made.]]
	*'''Under certainty'''. A condition in which the decision-maker knows with reasonable certainty what the alternatives are and what conditions are associated with each alternative.		*'''Under certainty'''. A condition in which the decision-maker knows with reasonable certainty what the alternatives are and what conditions are associated with each alternative.

Manolis: /* Decision-making conditions */

2017-10-02T21:34:20Z

Decision-making conditions

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	====Decision-making conditions====		====Decision-making conditions====
	[[File:Decision-making-rr-mob20113-4-638.jpg]]		[[File:Decision-making-rr-mob20113-4-638.jpg\|350px\|thumb\|right\|Griffin's process for decision-making.]]
	*'''Under certainty'''. A condition in which the decision-maker knows with reasonable certainty what the alternatives are and what conditions are associated with each alternative.		*'''Under certainty'''. A condition in which the decision-maker knows with reasonable certainty what the alternatives are and what conditions are associated with each alternative.

Manolis: /* Decision-making conditions */

2017-10-02T21:34:10Z

Decision-making conditions

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	====Decision-making conditions====		====Decision-making conditions====
			[[File:Decision-making-rr-mob20113-4-638.jpg]]
	*'''Under certainty'''. A condition in which the decision-maker knows with reasonable certainty what the alternatives are and what conditions are associated with each alternative.		*'''Under certainty'''. A condition in which the decision-maker knows with reasonable certainty what the alternatives are and what conditions are associated with each alternative.

Manolis: /* Decision-making methods and approaches */

2017-10-02T21:30:27Z

Decision-making methods and approaches

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	==Decision-making methods and approaches==		==Decision-making methods and approaches==
	[[File:dmp.png\|350px\|thumb\|right\|Griffin's process for decision-making~~. Step 1 is split into two steps~~.<ref name="Process">Rafiq Elmansy. The Decision-Making Process Designers Should Use Daily. ''http://www.designorate.com/decision-making-process/''. </ref>]]		[[File:dmp.png\|350px\|thumb\|right\|Griffin's process for decision-making. <ref name="Process">Rafiq Elmansy. The Decision-Making Process Designers Should Use Daily. ''http://www.designorate.com/decision-making-process/''. </ref>Step 1 is split into two steps.]]
	In order to structure and simplify the decision-making, there have been developed several processes to recognise and define the nature of a decision situation, identify the alternatives and put one of them into practice. Therefore an effective decision would optimise the factors of time, scope, budget and quality of a project.		In order to structure and simplify the decision-making, there have been developed several processes to recognise and define the nature of a decision situation, identify the alternatives and put one of them into practice. Therefore an effective decision would optimise the factors of time, scope, budget and quality of a project.

Manolis: /* Decision-making methods and approaches */

2017-10-02T21:30:06Z

Decision-making methods and approaches

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	==Decision-making methods and approaches==		==Decision-making methods and approaches==
	[[File:dmp.png\|350px\|thumb\|right\|Griffin's process for decision-making<ref name="Process">Rafiq Elmansy. The Decision-Making Process Designers Should Use Daily. ''http://www.designorate.com/decision-making-process/''. </ref>]]		[[File:dmp.png\|350px\|thumb\|right\|Griffin's process for decision-making. Step 1 is split into two steps.<ref name="Process">Rafiq Elmansy. The Decision-Making Process Designers Should Use Daily. ''http://www.designorate.com/decision-making-process/''. </ref>]]
	In order to structure and simplify the decision-making, there have been developed several processes to recognise and define the nature of a decision situation, identify the alternatives and put one of them into practice. Therefore an effective decision would optimise the factors of time, scope, budget and quality of a project.		In order to structure and simplify the decision-making, there have been developed several processes to recognise and define the nature of a decision situation, identify the alternatives and put one of them into practice. Therefore an effective decision would optimise the factors of time, scope, budget and quality of a project.

Manolis: /* Decision-making conditions */

2017-10-02T21:24:00Z

Decision-making conditions

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	====Decision-making conditions====		====Decision-making conditions====

	*'''Under ~~uncertainty~~'''. A condition in which the decision-maker knows with reasonable certainty what the alternatives are and what conditions are associated with each alternative.		*'''Under certainty'''. A condition in which the decision-maker knows with reasonable certainty what the alternatives are and what conditions are associated with each alternative.

	*'''Under risk'''. A condition in which the availability of each alternative and its potential payoffs and costs are all associated with risks.		*'''Under risk'''. A condition in which the availability of each alternative and its potential payoffs and costs are all associated with risks.

Manolis: /* Decision-making conditions */

2017-10-02T21:23:48Z

Decision-making conditions

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	====Decision-making conditions====		====Decision-making conditions====

	*'''~~Decision-making under~~ uncertainty'''. A condition in which the decision-maker knows with reasonable certainty what the alternatives are and what conditions are associated with each alternative.		*'''Under uncertainty'''. A condition in which the decision-maker knows with reasonable certainty what the alternatives are and what conditions are associated with each alternative.

	*'''~~Decision-making under~~ risk'''. A condition in which the availability of each alternative and its potential payoffs and costs are all associated with risks.		*'''Under risk'''. A condition in which the availability of each alternative and its potential payoffs and costs are all associated with risks.

	*'''~~Decision-making under~~ uncertainty'''. A condition in which the decision-maker is not aware of all the alternatives, the risks associated with each, or the consequences of each alternative.		*'''Under uncertainty'''. A condition in which the decision-maker is not aware of all the alternatives, the risks associated with each, or the consequences of each alternative.

	====When project managers should involve others====		====When project managers should involve others====

Manolis: /* Annotated bibliography */

2017-10-02T21:23:15Z

Annotated bibliography

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	#'''When it comes to decision making, are projects different from programs?:''' This paper points out the major differences between project and program decision-making and explores the more recent trends to help program managers when the increased volume and the complexity influences the use of a traditional decision-making approach.		#'''When it comes to decision making, are projects different from programs?:''' This paper points out the major differences between project and program decision-making and explores the more recent trends to help program managers when the increased volume and the complexity influences the use of a traditional decision-making approach.
	#'''Critical decision-making skills for project managers:''' The common decision-making approach is structured and very useful in many cases of project management. However, there are quite a lot flaws and limitations which can be an obstacle for picking the right alternative. This paper analyses what these liabilities are and tries to prove to the project management society that the Griffin's process alone is not enough.		#'''Critical decision-making skills for project managers:''' The common decision-making approach is structured and very useful in many cases of project management. However, there are quite a lot flaws and limitations which can be an obstacle for picking the right alternative. This paper analyses what these liabilities are and tries to prove to the project management society that the Griffin's process alone is not enough.
			#'''Decision Making Models In Project Management:''' A comprehensive article by Snehal Joshi which explains the need of decision-making tools and gives a brief description for some of them to understand better the facts, the means, the ends and the values which will influence the final decision.

	==References==		==References==

	<references/>		<references/>

Manolis: /* References */

2017-10-02T21:17:43Z

References

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	==References==		==References==

	~~Under construction~~

	<references/>		<references/>