Constructive communication - Revision history

S202032: /* Complete Communication */

2021-02-28T18:26:11Z

Complete Communication

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	==== Complete Communication ====		==== Complete Communication ====
	When communications are complete, they include observations, feelings, thoughts, and needs/wants. Using these four elements helps to express all the information needed to help solve a conflict <ref name="CoupleBook">Matthew McKay, Patrick Fanning & Kim Paleg. (2006). Couple Skills: Making Your Relationship Work. Oakland, CA: New Harbinger Publications, 1994~~. 59-60~~. </ref>.		When communications are complete, they include observations, feelings, thoughts, and needs/wants. Using these four elements helps to express all the information needed to help solve a conflict <ref name="CoupleBook">Matthew McKay, Patrick Fanning & Kim Paleg. (2006). Couple Skills: Making Your Relationship Work. Oakland, CA: New Harbinger Publications, 1994. </ref>.

	:- '''Observations''' are neutral factual claims where no inferences or judgments are allowed <ref name="CoupleBook" />.		:- '''Observations''' are neutral factual claims where no inferences or judgments are allowed <ref name="CoupleBook" />.

S202032: /* Clean Communication */

2021-02-28T18:25:55Z

Clean Communication

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	=== Clean Communication ===		=== Clean Communication ===
	When using clean communication, project managers should avoid harsh and judgmental messages. In addition, [[#I-Statements Instead of You-Statements\| you-statements]] should be avoided, as they tend to be overwhelming and are not constructive. Furthermore, project managers should keep the conversation on a positive note and be mindful of their [[#Body Language Awareness \| body language]] <ref name="clean">Matthew McKay, Martha Davis, Patrick Fanning. (2009). Messages: The Communication Skills Book. New Harbinger Publications~~. 102-103~~. </ref>.		When using clean communication, project managers should avoid harsh and judgmental messages. In addition, [[#I-Statements Instead of You-Statements\| you-statements]] should be avoided, as they tend to be overwhelming and are not constructive. Furthermore, project managers should keep the conversation on a positive note and be mindful of their [[#Body Language Awareness \| body language]] <ref name="clean">Matthew McKay, Martha Davis, Patrick Fanning. (2009). Messages: The Communication Skills Book. New Harbinger Publications. </ref>.

	=== Compassionate Listening ===		=== Compassionate Listening ===

S202032: /* Abstract */

2021-02-28T18:24:28Z

Abstract

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	Communication is a big part of project management. 80% of project managers' time is spent on communication, which is considered a critical success factor in projects <ref name="DSHandbook">J. Geraldi, C. Thuesen, & J. Oehmen. (2017). Doing Projects - Nordic flavour to managing projects. Danish Standards Foundation. </ref>. Project managers communicate with people such as stakeholders, team members, co-workers, clients, and business partners, and these communications are, for example, regarding projects and for making big decisions. These types of communications and when dealing with all kinds of people, conflicts are inevitable <ref name="Benko">A. Benko. (26.06.2018). Constructive Communication Skills in the Workplace. https://softwaretester.careers/constructive-communication-skills-in-the-workplace/. Visited: 09/02/2021.</ref>.		Communication is a big part of project management. 80% of project managers' time is spent on communication, which is considered a critical success factor in projects <ref name="DSHandbook">J. Geraldi, C. Thuesen, & J. Oehmen. (2017). Doing Projects - Nordic flavour to managing projects. Danish Standards Foundation. </ref>. Project managers communicate with people such as stakeholders, team members, co-workers, clients, and business partners, and these communications are, for example, regarding projects and for making big decisions. These types of communications and when dealing with all kinds of people, conflicts are inevitable <ref name="Benko">A. Benko. (26.06.2018). Constructive Communication Skills in the Workplace. https://softwaretester.careers/constructive-communication-skills-in-the-workplace/. Visited: 09/02/2021.</ref>.

	For managing conflicts in the right way, the communication has to be constructive and not destructive, as poor communication can make matters worse <ref name="Scott">Scott Williams (NA). Communicating Constructively. http://www.wright.edu/~scott.williams/LeaderLetter/communicating.htm. Visited: 09/02/2021.</ref>. The majority of conflicts can be looked at as an opportunity for improvement <ref name="Benko" />. Project managers that practice and learn to use constructive communication are more likely to transform conflicts into growth or improvement. In addition, they can build more robust and better relationships with their colleagues and understand them better. Moreover, by following the guidelines on constructive communication, project managers can resolve potential conflicts ahead of time and prevent miscommunication <ref name="Scott" />.		For managing conflicts in the right way, the communication has to be constructive and not destructive, as poor communication can make matters worse <ref name="Scott">Scott Williams (N/A). Communicating Constructively. http://www.wright.edu/~scott.williams/LeaderLetter/communicating.htm. Visited: 09/02/2021.</ref>. The majority of conflicts can be looked at as an opportunity for improvement <ref name="Benko" />. Project managers that practice and learn to use constructive communication are more likely to transform conflicts into growth or improvement. In addition, they can build more robust and better relationships with their colleagues and understand them better. Moreover, by following the guidelines on constructive communication, project managers can resolve potential conflicts ahead of time and prevent miscommunication <ref name="Scott" />.

	This article examines the importance of constructive communication, especially in dealing with conflicts during projects. Furthermore, relevant models and guidelines are provided that project managers can use in their work. Project managers need to master and keep practicing constructive communication. However, this type of communication is not just relevant within project management. It is useful for everyone willing to learn how to deal with conflicts constructively <ref name="Joanie">Joanie V. Connors. (2018). Nonviolent and Constructive Communication. https://l.cohousing.org/Constructive_Communication.pdf. Visited: 09/02/2021.</ref>.		This article examines the importance of constructive communication, especially in dealing with conflicts during projects. Furthermore, relevant models and guidelines are provided that project managers can use in their work. Project managers need to master and keep practicing constructive communication. However, this type of communication is not just relevant within project management. It is useful for everyone willing to learn how to deal with conflicts constructively <ref name="Joanie">Joanie V. Connors. (2018). Nonviolent and Constructive Communication. https://l.cohousing.org/Constructive_Communication.pdf. Visited: 09/02/2021.</ref>.

S202032: /* Abstract */

2021-02-28T18:24:01Z

Abstract

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	== Abstract ==		== Abstract ==
	Communication is a big part of project management. 80% of project managers' time is spent on communication, which is considered a critical success factor in projects <ref name="DSHandbook">J. Geraldi, C. Thuesen, & J. Oehmen. (2017). Doing Projects - Nordic flavour to managing projects. Danish Standards Foundation~~. 96~~. </ref>. Project managers communicate with people such as stakeholders, team members, co-workers, clients, and business partners, and these communications are, for example, regarding projects and for making big decisions. These types of communications and when dealing with all kinds of people, conflicts are inevitable <ref name="Benko">A. Benko. (26.06.2018). Constructive Communication Skills in the Workplace. https://softwaretester.careers/constructive-communication-skills-in-the-workplace/. Visited: 09/02/2021.</ref>.		Communication is a big part of project management. 80% of project managers' time is spent on communication, which is considered a critical success factor in projects <ref name="DSHandbook">J. Geraldi, C. Thuesen, & J. Oehmen. (2017). Doing Projects - Nordic flavour to managing projects. Danish Standards Foundation. </ref>. Project managers communicate with people such as stakeholders, team members, co-workers, clients, and business partners, and these communications are, for example, regarding projects and for making big decisions. These types of communications and when dealing with all kinds of people, conflicts are inevitable <ref name="Benko">A. Benko. (26.06.2018). Constructive Communication Skills in the Workplace. https://softwaretester.careers/constructive-communication-skills-in-the-workplace/. Visited: 09/02/2021.</ref>.

	For managing conflicts in the right way, the communication has to be constructive and not destructive, as poor communication can make matters worse <ref name="Scott">Scott Williams (NA). Communicating Constructively. http://www.wright.edu/~scott.williams/LeaderLetter/communicating.htm. Visited: 09/02/2021.</ref>. The majority of conflicts can be looked at as an opportunity for improvement <ref name="Benko" />. Project managers that practice and learn to use constructive communication are more likely to transform conflicts into growth or improvement. In addition, they can build more robust and better relationships with their colleagues and understand them better. Moreover, by following the guidelines on constructive communication, project managers can resolve potential conflicts ahead of time and prevent miscommunication <ref name="Scott" />.		For managing conflicts in the right way, the communication has to be constructive and not destructive, as poor communication can make matters worse <ref name="Scott">Scott Williams (NA). Communicating Constructively. http://www.wright.edu/~scott.williams/LeaderLetter/communicating.htm. Visited: 09/02/2021.</ref>. The majority of conflicts can be looked at as an opportunity for improvement <ref name="Benko" />. Project managers that practice and learn to use constructive communication are more likely to transform conflicts into growth or improvement. In addition, they can build more robust and better relationships with their colleagues and understand them better. Moreover, by following the guidelines on constructive communication, project managers can resolve potential conflicts ahead of time and prevent miscommunication <ref name="Scott" />.

S202032: /* Abstract */

2021-02-28T18:22:56Z

Abstract

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	== Abstract ==		== Abstract ==
	Communication is a big part of project management. 80% of project managers' time is spent on communication, which is considered a critical success factor in projects <ref name="DSHandbook">J. Geraldi, C. Thuesen, \& J. Oehmen. (2017). Doing Projects - Nordic flavour to managing projects. Danish Standards Foundation. 96. </ref>. Project managers communicate with people such as stakeholders, team members, co-workers, clients, and business partners, and these communications are, for example, regarding projects and for making big decisions. These types of communications and when dealing with all kinds of people, conflicts are inevitable <ref name="Benko">A. Benko. (26.06.2018). Constructive Communication Skills in the Workplace. https://softwaretester.careers/constructive-communication-skills-in-the-workplace/. Visited: 09/02/2021.</ref>.		Communication is a big part of project management. 80% of project managers' time is spent on communication, which is considered a critical success factor in projects <ref name="DSHandbook">J. Geraldi, C. Thuesen, & J. Oehmen. (2017). Doing Projects - Nordic flavour to managing projects. Danish Standards Foundation. 96. </ref>. Project managers communicate with people such as stakeholders, team members, co-workers, clients, and business partners, and these communications are, for example, regarding projects and for making big decisions. These types of communications and when dealing with all kinds of people, conflicts are inevitable <ref name="Benko">A. Benko. (26.06.2018). Constructive Communication Skills in the Workplace. https://softwaretester.careers/constructive-communication-skills-in-the-workplace/. Visited: 09/02/2021.</ref>.

	For managing conflicts in the right way, the communication has to be constructive and not destructive, as poor communication can make matters worse <ref name="Scott">Scott Williams (NA). Communicating Constructively. http://www.wright.edu/~scott.williams/LeaderLetter/communicating.htm. Visited: 09/02/2021.</ref>. The majority of conflicts can be looked at as an opportunity for improvement <ref name="Benko" />. Project managers that practice and learn to use constructive communication are more likely to transform conflicts into growth or improvement. In addition, they can build more robust and better relationships with their colleagues and understand them better. Moreover, by following the guidelines on constructive communication, project managers can resolve potential conflicts ahead of time and prevent miscommunication <ref name="Scott" />.		For managing conflicts in the right way, the communication has to be constructive and not destructive, as poor communication can make matters worse <ref name="Scott">Scott Williams (NA). Communicating Constructively. http://www.wright.edu/~scott.williams/LeaderLetter/communicating.htm. Visited: 09/02/2021.</ref>. The majority of conflicts can be looked at as an opportunity for improvement <ref name="Benko" />. Project managers that practice and learn to use constructive communication are more likely to transform conflicts into growth or improvement. In addition, they can build more robust and better relationships with their colleagues and understand them better. Moreover, by following the guidelines on constructive communication, project managers can resolve potential conflicts ahead of time and prevent miscommunication <ref name="Scott" />.

S202032: /* Limitations */

2021-02-28T18:22:26Z

Limitations

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	Constructive communication comes with its limitations. It is not enough for project managers to read about constructive communication models and guidelines to use them successfully. When starting to use this communication technique, project managers will see how difficult it is to apply it during conflicts. Therefore, project managers might not resolve conflicts in a 100% constructive way in the beginning. However, it is essential to not lose faith in this technique as practice makes perfect <ref name="Benko" /><ref name="cooperative" />.		Constructive communication comes with its limitations. It is not enough for project managers to read about constructive communication models and guidelines to use them successfully. When starting to use this communication technique, project managers will see how difficult it is to apply it during conflicts. Therefore, project managers might not resolve conflicts in a 100% constructive way in the beginning. However, it is essential to not lose faith in this technique as practice makes perfect <ref name="Benko" /><ref name="cooperative" />.

	Conflicts can involve all kinds of emotions that can get the best of people. Project managers must be aware of ~~themselves~~ and focus on the problem. For a conversation to work, it takes at least two people. While project managers can apply their knowledge regarding constructive communication to the conversation, it is not certain that the other person is in the right state of mind for dealing with a conflict. The other person could be overly defensive and feel threatened, leading the conversation in the wrong direction <ref name="Joanie" />.		Conflicts can involve all kinds of emotions that can get the best of people. Project managers must be aware of their emotions and focus on the problem. For a conversation to work, it takes at least two people. While project managers can apply their knowledge regarding constructive communication to the conversation, it is not certain that the other person is in the right state of mind for dealing with a conflict. The other person could be overly defensive and feel threatened, leading the conversation in the wrong direction <ref name="Joanie" />.

	All project managers are different~~. Some are more~~ open-minded, while others have a hard time viewing other people's opinions. However, as mentioned in the article, project managers need to be open-minded when using constructive communication <ref name="harvard" />. Therefore, the experience of using this communication tool can differ between project managers. Some project managers do not have to ~~customize~~ how they communicate ~~a lot~~, while others may need to attend workshops and educate themselves to be comfortable using this communication tool <ref name="Joanie" />. Furthermore, there is a risk that project managers take the easy way out and avoid conflicts. That is not an excellent strategy to follow, especially not as a project manager. Project managers need to know themselves well, prepare for all kinds of conflicts, and not be afraid of them <ref name="Scott" />.		All project managers are different where some might be open-minded, while others have a hard time viewing other people's opinions. However, as mentioned in the article, project managers need to be open-minded when using constructive communication correctly <ref name="harvard" />. Therefore, the experience of using this communication tool can differ between project managers. Some project managers do not have to make a lot of changes on how they communicate, while others may need to attend workshops and educate themselves to be comfortable using this communication tool <ref name="Joanie" />. Furthermore, there is a risk that project managers take the easy way out and avoid conflicts. That is not an excellent strategy to follow, especially not as a project manager. Project managers need to know themselves well, prepare for all kinds of conflicts, and not be afraid of them <ref name="Scott" />.

	== Conclusion ==		== Conclusion ==

S202032: /* Limitations */

2021-02-28T18:19:01Z

Limitations

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	== Limitations ==		== Limitations ==
	Constructive communication comes with its limitations. It is not enough for project managers to read about constructive communication models and guidelines to use them successfully. When starting to use this communication technique, project managers will see how difficult it is to apply it during conflicts. Therefore, project managers might not resolve conflicts in a 100% constructive way in the beginning. However, it is essential to not lose faith in this technique as practice makes perfect <ref name="Benko" />.		Constructive communication comes with its limitations. It is not enough for project managers to read about constructive communication models and guidelines to use them successfully. When starting to use this communication technique, project managers will see how difficult it is to apply it during conflicts. Therefore, project managers might not resolve conflicts in a 100% constructive way in the beginning. However, it is essential to not lose faith in this technique as practice makes perfect <ref name="Benko" /><ref name="cooperative" />.

	Conflicts can involve all kinds of emotions that can get the best of people. Project managers must be aware of themselves and focus on the problem. For a conversation to work, it takes at least two people. While project managers can apply their knowledge regarding constructive communication to the conversation, it is not certain that the other person is in the right state of mind for dealing with a conflict. The other person could be overly defensive and feel threatened, leading the conversation in the wrong direction <ref name="Joanie" />.		Conflicts can involve all kinds of emotions that can get the best of people. Project managers must be aware of themselves and focus on the problem. For a conversation to work, it takes at least two people. While project managers can apply their knowledge regarding constructive communication to the conversation, it is not certain that the other person is in the right state of mind for dealing with a conflict. The other person could be overly defensive and feel threatened, leading the conversation in the wrong direction <ref name="Joanie" />.

	All project managers are different. Some are more open-minded, while others have a hard time viewing other people's opinions. However, as mentioned in the article, project managers need to be open-minded when using constructive communication <ref name="harvard" />. Therefore, the experience of using this communication tool can differ between project managers. Some project managers do not have to customize how they communicate a lot, while others may need to attend workshops and educate themselves to be comfortable using this communication tool <ref name="Joanie" />. Furthermore, there is a risk that project managers take the easy way out and avoid conflicts. That is not an excellent strategy to follow, especially not as a project manager. Project managers need to know themselves well, prepare for all kinds of conflicts, and not be afraid of them <ref name="Scott" />.		All project managers are different. Some are more open-minded, while others have a hard time viewing other people's opinions. However, as mentioned in the article, project managers need to be open-minded when using constructive communication <ref name="harvard" />. Therefore, the experience of using this communication tool can differ between project managers. Some project managers do not have to customize how they communicate a lot, while others may need to attend workshops and educate themselves to be comfortable using this communication tool <ref name="Joanie" />. Furthermore, there is a risk that project managers take the easy way out and avoid conflicts. That is not an excellent strategy to follow, especially not as a project manager. Project managers need to know themselves well, prepare for all kinds of conflicts, and not be afraid of them <ref name="Scott" />.

	== Conclusion ==		== Conclusion ==

S202032: /* Manage the Conversation with Facts */

2021-02-28T18:16:35Z

Manage the Conversation with Facts

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	''*Example of a sentence with facts:''		''*Example of a sentence with facts:''
	:- I was ~~hurt when you said I was confusing~~ our client ~~after I sent out the wrong file~~.		:- A wrong file was sent out to our client.

	''*Example of a sentence '''not''' with facts:''		''*Example of a sentence '''not''' with facts:''
	:- ~~Why were you so mean to be?~~		:- Our client received an old version of our file, he/she should have received the newest one.

	==== Complete Communication ====		==== Complete Communication ====

S202032: /* Manage the Conversation with Facts */

2021-02-28T18:12:05Z

Manage the Conversation with Facts

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	==== Manage the Conversation with Facts ====		==== Manage the Conversation with Facts ====
	Conflicts can involve many feelings, but project managers should manage them with facts, '''not''' feelings. The facts should be presented in a structured manner and not in a negative way.		Conflicts can involve many feelings, but project managers should manage them with facts, '''not''' feelings. The facts should be presented in a structured manner and not in a negative way <ref name="Benko" />.

	''*Example of a sentence with facts:''		''*Example of a sentence with facts:''

S202032: /* Cooperative Communication */

2021-02-28T18:03:47Z

Cooperative Communication

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	=== Cooperative Communication ===		=== Cooperative Communication ===
	Communicating cooperatively can change relationships between project managers and stakeholders, ~~and/or team members~~. There are seven points that project managers need to consider when using this communication type <ref name="cooperative">B. Armknecht Miller. (02.08.2012). Cooperative Communication: An Aid In Workplace Conflicts. https://executive-velocity.com/cooperative-communication-an-aid-in-workplace-conflicts/. Visited: 18/02/2021.</ref>:		Communicating cooperatively can change relationships between project managers and team members, stakeholders, etc. There are seven points that project managers need to consider when using this communication type <ref name="cooperative">B. Armknecht Miller. (02.08.2012). Cooperative Communication: An Aid In Workplace Conflicts. https://executive-velocity.com/cooperative-communication-an-aid-in-workplace-conflicts/. Visited: 18/02/2021.</ref>:
	# Listen. Be responsive and careful when listening <ref name="cooperative" />.		# Listen. Be responsive and careful when listening <ref name="cooperative" />.
	# Their intentions should be clear <ref name="cooperative" />.		# Their intentions should be clear <ref name="cooperative" />.