Communication models based on Schulz von Thun - Revision history

Sarah Naegele: /* The communication square according to Friedemann Schulz von Thun */

2022-03-14T09:28:28Z

The communication square according to Friedemann Schulz von Thun

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:28, 14 March 2022
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	The communication square states that every human communication should be considered from four sides. The side of the sender is also called ''four beaks'' and the side of the receiver ''four ears''. Every message sent transports therefore four messages at the same time. All four must be understood in order to understand the full meaning of the interpersonal interaction. Sending a message has following four sides: [<ref name="Kommunikationspsychologie" /> pp. 34-44]		The communication square states that every human communication should be considered from four sides. The side of the sender is also called ''four beaks'' and the side of the receiver ''four ears''. Every message sent transports therefore four messages at the same time. All four must be understood in order to understand the full meaning of the interpersonal interaction. Sending a message has following four sides: [<ref name="Kommunikationspsychologie" /> pp. 34-44]
	[[File:Communication square.png‎\|\|right\|thumb\|~~1000px~~\|Figure 2: The communication square according to Friedemann Schulz von Thun (own illustration based on [<ref name="Kommunikationspsychologie" /> p. 34]) ]]		[[File:Communication square.png‎\|\|right\|thumb\|1500px\|Figure 2: The communication square according to Friedemann Schulz von Thun (own illustration based on [<ref name="Kommunikationspsychologie" /> p. 34]) ]]

	▪ ''Factual content:'' This side contains the explicit meaning. Facts are communicated.		▪ ''Factual content:'' This side contains the explicit meaning. Facts are communicated.

Sarah Naegele: /* Communications psychology */

2022-03-14T09:28:04Z

Communications psychology

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:28, 14 March 2022
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	== Communications psychology ==		== Communications psychology ==

	[[File:Communication psychology.png\|\|right\|thumb\|~~1000px~~\|Figure 1: Fields of communications psychology and classification of the models discussed (own illustration based on [<ref name="Röhner" /> p. 14]) ]]		[[File:Communication psychology.png\|\|right\|thumb\|1500px\|Figure 1: Fields of communications psychology and classification of the models discussed (own illustration based on [<ref name="Röhner" /> p. 14]) ]]
	Communications psychology uses models and approaches that take psychological aspects under consideration, to understand what happens in an interaction between sender and receiver. As shown in Figure 1, Communications psychology has three fields: [<ref name="Röhner" /> pp. 12-23]		Communications psychology uses models and approaches that take psychological aspects under consideration, to understand what happens in an interaction between sender and receiver. As shown in Figure 1, Communications psychology has three fields: [<ref name="Röhner" /> pp. 12-23]

Sarah Naegele: /* Application – Understanding the interactions */

2022-03-14T09:22:54Z

Application – Understanding the interactions

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:22, 14 March 2022
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	What can the receiver do to communicate successfully? Before reacting to a message, especially with the relationship ear, one should try to identify the messages with the other ears to see what other messages could have been meant. Giving the ears other names helps to give an idea when they should be used especially in a business environment: [<ref name="Zoller" /> p. 137]		What can the receiver do to communicate successfully? Before reacting to a message, especially with the relationship ear, one should try to identify the messages with the other ears to see what other messages could have been meant. Giving the ears other names helps to give an idea when they should be used especially in a business environment: [<ref name="Zoller" /> p. 137]
	[[File:Four_ears.png‎\|\|right\|thumb\|~~1000px~~\|Figure 3: Characteristics of the four receiving ears [<ref name="Miteinander Reden 1" /> pp. 47-60] (own illustration) ]]		[[File:Four_ears.png‎\|\|right\|thumb\|700px\|Figure 3: Characteristics of the four receiving ears [<ref name="Miteinander Reden 1" /> pp. 47-60] (own illustration) ]]
	▪ ''Factual ear:'' for fact-based discussions		▪ ''Factual ear:'' for fact-based discussions

Sarah Naegele at 09:02, 14 March 2022

2022-03-14T09:02:48Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:02, 14 March 2022
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	== Communications psychology ==		== Communications psychology ==

			[[File:Communication psychology.png\|\|right\|thumb\|1000px\|Figure 1: Fields of communications psychology and classification of the models discussed (own illustration based on [<ref name="Röhner" /> p. 14]) ]]
	Communications psychology uses models and approaches that take psychological aspects under consideration, to understand what happens in an interaction between sender and receiver. As shown in Figure 1, Communications psychology has three fields: [<ref name="Röhner" /> pp. 12-23]		Communications psychology uses models and approaches that take psychological aspects under consideration, to understand what happens in an interaction between sender and receiver. As shown in Figure 1, Communications psychology has three fields: [<ref name="Röhner" /> pp. 12-23]
	[[File:Communication psychology.png\|\|right\|thumb\|1000px\|Figure 1: Fields of communications psychology and classification of the models discussed (own illustration based on [<ref name="Röhner" /> p. 14]) ]]

	▪ ''Factors influencing communication'' include characteristics of the environment (e.g. communication climate in general in the company), of the specific situation (e.g. relationship between sender and receiver) and the personal characteristics of the participants (e.g. a defensive person).		▪ ''Factors influencing communication'' include characteristics of the environment (e.g. communication climate in general in the company), of the specific situation (e.g. relationship between sender and receiver) and the personal characteristics of the participants (e.g. a defensive person).
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	The communication square states that every human communication should be considered from four sides. The side of the sender is also called ''four beaks'' and the side of the receiver ''four ears''. Every message sent transports therefore four messages at the same time. All four must be understood in order to understand the full meaning of the interpersonal interaction. Sending a message has following four sides: [<ref name="Kommunikationspsychologie" /> pp. 34-44]		The communication square states that every human communication should be considered from four sides. The side of the sender is also called ''four beaks'' and the side of the receiver ''four ears''. Every message sent transports therefore four messages at the same time. All four must be understood in order to understand the full meaning of the interpersonal interaction. Sending a message has following four sides: [<ref name="Kommunikationspsychologie" /> pp. 34-44]
			[[File:Communication square.png‎\|\|right\|thumb\|1000px\|Figure 2: The communication square according to Friedemann Schulz von Thun (own illustration based on [<ref name="Kommunikationspsychologie" /> p. 34]) ]]

	▪ ''Factual content:'' This side contains the explicit meaning. Facts are communicated.		▪ ''Factual content:'' This side contains the explicit meaning. Facts are communicated.
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	Example: I want you to finish the report by 7. / You should ask John about it.		Example: I want you to finish the report by 7. / You should ask John about it.

	[[File:Communication square.png‎\|\|center\|thumb\|1000px\|Figure 2: The communication square according to Friedemann Schulz von Thun (own illustration based on [<ref name="Kommunikationspsychologie" /> p. 34]) ]]

	The receiver has, concurrent to the four sending sides, also four receiving sides based on his four ears. This means not only the sender sends four messages, also the receiver interprets the message on four sides, you could say he has four ears: [<ref name="Miteinander Reden 1">F. Schulz von Thun, Miteinander reden 1: Störungen und Klärungen: Allgemeine Psychologie der Kommunikation, Reinbek bei Hamburg: Rowohlt, 1996</ref> pp. 51-64]		The receiver has, concurrent to the four sending sides, also four receiving sides based on his four ears. This means not only the sender sends four messages, also the receiver interprets the message on four sides, you could say he has four ears: [<ref name="Miteinander Reden 1">F. Schulz von Thun, Miteinander reden 1: Störungen und Klärungen: Allgemeine Psychologie der Kommunikation, Reinbek bei Hamburg: Rowohlt, 1996</ref> pp. 51-64]
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	What can the receiver do to communicate successfully? Before reacting to a message, especially with the relationship ear, one should try to identify the messages with the other ears to see what other messages could have been meant. Giving the ears other names helps to give an idea when they should be used especially in a business environment: [<ref name="Zoller" /> p. 137]		What can the receiver do to communicate successfully? Before reacting to a message, especially with the relationship ear, one should try to identify the messages with the other ears to see what other messages could have been meant. Giving the ears other names helps to give an idea when they should be used especially in a business environment: [<ref name="Zoller" /> p. 137]
			[[File:Four_ears.png‎\|\|right\|thumb\|1000px\|Figure 3: Characteristics of the four receiving ears [<ref name="Miteinander Reden 1" /> pp. 47-60] (own illustration) ]]
	▪ ''Factual ear:'' for fact-based discussions		▪ ''Factual ear:'' for fact-based discussions

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	Try to observe your behavior and figure out which ones of your ears are especially sensitive. Most people have one or two ears that are especially pronounced. To identify them, you should understand the characteristics of the ears (see Figure 3), so when observing your behavior you can match it to the right ears. In general, men tend to use the factual side most prominently. Once you identified them you can start to actively train the other ears to listen more on those sides. Over time one starts to automatically hear all messages and gets more control of which side they want to react to. [<ref name="Zoller" /> p. 137]		Try to observe your behavior and figure out which ones of your ears are especially sensitive. Most people have one or two ears that are especially pronounced. To identify them, you should understand the characteristics of the ears (see Figure 3), so when observing your behavior you can match it to the right ears. In general, men tend to use the factual side most prominently. Once you identified them you can start to actively train the other ears to listen more on those sides. Over time one starts to automatically hear all messages and gets more control of which side they want to react to. [<ref name="Zoller" /> p. 137]

	~~[[File:Four_ears.png‎\|\|center\|thumb\|1000px\|Figure 3: Characteristics of the four receiving ears [<ref name="Miteinander Reden 1" /> pp. 47-60] (own illustration) ]]~~

	Being aware of the communication square is one step towards better communication. There is a lot more a person, especially a manager, can learn from it though. The quoted books are good sources to study more on the topic. Special attention should be paid to the self-reflection side. Every time we communicate, we reveal a part of ourselves, wether we want to or not. To better understand this side the inner team is a good starting point, it does not cover the whole span of impact though. <ref name="Zoller" /> <ref name="Röhner" /> <ref name="Kommunikationspsychologie" /> <ref name="Miteinander Reden 1" /> <ref name="Miteinander Reden 3">F. Schulz von Thun, Miteinander reden 3: Das 'Innere Team' und situationsgerechte Kommunikation, Reinbek bei Hamburg: Rowohlt, 1998</ref>		Being aware of the communication square is one step towards better communication. There is a lot more a person, especially a manager, can learn from it though. The quoted books are good sources to study more on the topic. Special attention should be paid to the self-reflection side. Every time we communicate, we reveal a part of ourselves, wether we want to or not. To better understand this side the inner team is a good starting point, it does not cover the whole span of impact though. <ref name="Zoller" /> <ref name="Röhner" /> <ref name="Kommunikationspsychologie" /> <ref name="Miteinander Reden 1" /> <ref name="Miteinander Reden 3">F. Schulz von Thun, Miteinander reden 3: Das 'Innere Team' und situationsgerechte Kommunikation, Reinbek bei Hamburg: Rowohlt, 1998</ref>
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	Schulz von Thun developed a method to sort out the tangled voices one hears in challenging situations so one can better understand what the individual voices are trying to tell us. Listening to oneself in a decisive situation can lead to an outcome that is more sustainable and lasting. This process basically replaces the process of weighing one’s options (thoughts, impulses or feelings) against each other. [<ref name="Zoller" /> p. 74]		Schulz von Thun developed a method to sort out the tangled voices one hears in challenging situations so one can better understand what the individual voices are trying to tell us. Listening to oneself in a decisive situation can lead to an outcome that is more sustainable and lasting. This process basically replaces the process of weighing one’s options (thoughts, impulses or feelings) against each other. [<ref name="Zoller" /> p. 74]
			[[File:Inner Team.jpg\|\|right\|thumb\|1000px\|Figure 4: The inner team (own illustration based on [<ref name="Zoller" /> p. 76]) ]]

	===Application – Getting to know your inner Team===		===Application – Getting to know your inner Team===
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	The here found solution is meant to give a point of reference to give an idea of what ones’ ideal solution would be. Maybe one could even identify that a team member is missing in ones’ inner team and can try to integrate it in similar situations in the future. The goal of the model is to become aware of the inner structures and thereby to strengthen the inner team building. [<ref name="Zoller" /> p. 82] The book “Miteinander reden 3” gives further explanations on how using the model of the inner team can help to better ones’ skills of situation- and role-appropriate communication. <ref name="Miteinander Reden 3" />		The here found solution is meant to give a point of reference to give an idea of what ones’ ideal solution would be. Maybe one could even identify that a team member is missing in ones’ inner team and can try to integrate it in similar situations in the future. The goal of the model is to become aware of the inner structures and thereby to strengthen the inner team building. [<ref name="Zoller" /> p. 82] The book “Miteinander reden 3” gives further explanations on how using the model of the inner team can help to better ones’ skills of situation- and role-appropriate communication. <ref name="Miteinander Reden 3" />

	~~[[File:Inner Team.jpg\|\|center\|thumb\|1000px\|Figure 4: The inner team (own illustration based on [<ref name="Zoller" /> p. 76]) ]]~~

	== Limitations ==		== Limitations ==

Sarah Naegele: /* Communications psychology */

2022-03-14T08:57:35Z

Communications psychology

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:57, 14 March 2022
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	Communications psychology uses models and approaches that take psychological aspects under consideration, to understand what happens in an interaction between sender and receiver. As shown in Figure 1, Communications psychology has three fields: [<ref name="Röhner" /> pp. 12-23]		Communications psychology uses models and approaches that take psychological aspects under consideration, to understand what happens in an interaction between sender and receiver. As shown in Figure 1, Communications psychology has three fields: [<ref name="Röhner" /> pp. 12-23]

	[[File:Communication psychology.png\|\|right\|thumb\|1000px\|Figure 1: Fields of communications psychology and classification of the models discussed (own illustration based on [<ref name="Röhner" /> p. 14]) ]]		[[File:Communication psychology.png\|\|right\|thumb\|1000px\|Figure 1: Fields of communications psychology and classification of the models discussed (own illustration based on [<ref name="Röhner" /> p. 14]) ]]

Sarah Naegele: /* Communications psychology */

2022-03-14T08:57:04Z

Communications psychology

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:57, 14 March 2022
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	Communications psychology uses models and approaches that take psychological aspects under consideration, to understand what happens in an interaction between sender and receiver. As shown in Figure 1, Communications psychology has three fields: [<ref name="Röhner" /> pp. 12-23]		Communications psychology uses models and approaches that take psychological aspects under consideration, to understand what happens in an interaction between sender and receiver. As shown in Figure 1, Communications psychology has three fields: [<ref name="Röhner" /> pp. 12-23]

			[[File:Communication psychology.png\|\|right\|thumb\|1000px\|Figure 1: Fields of communications psychology and classification of the models discussed (own illustration based on [<ref name="Röhner" /> p. 14]) ]]

	▪ ''Factors influencing communication'' include characteristics of the environment (e.g. communication climate in general in the company), of the specific situation (e.g. relationship between sender and receiver) and the personal characteristics of the participants (e.g. a defensive person).		▪ ''Factors influencing communication'' include characteristics of the environment (e.g. communication climate in general in the company), of the specific situation (e.g. relationship between sender and receiver) and the personal characteristics of the participants (e.g. a defensive person).
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	▪ ''Results or consequences of communicative action'' describe the effects on the participants the communication process had. On one hand a receiver has an impression regarding the sender (e.g. perceiving the other participant as good or bad) on the other hand an impression regarding the message (e.g. attitude changes towards the discussed topic E-Mobility).		▪ ''Results or consequences of communicative action'' describe the effects on the participants the communication process had. On one hand a receiver has an impression regarding the sender (e.g. perceiving the other participant as good or bad) on the other hand an impression regarding the message (e.g. attitude changes towards the discussed topic E-Mobility).

	[[File:Communication psychology.png\|\|center\|thumb\|1000px\|Figure 1: Fields of communications psychology and classification of the models discussed (own illustration based on [<ref name="Röhner" /> p. 14]) ]]

	The two in the following introduced models are developed by Friedemann Schulz von Thun and fall both under the category ''Factors influencing communication – personal characteristics of the participants''. The models complement each other at explaining how personal traits impact communication and have proven themselves especially useful for the perception and diagnosis of interpersonal processes, while at the same time giving an impulse for personal development. <ref name="Kommunikationspsychologie">F. Schulz von Thun, J. Ruppel and R. Stratmann, Miteinander reden: Kommunikationspsychologie für Führungskräfte, Reinbek bei Hamburg: Rowohlt Verlag, 2017</ref>		The two in the following introduced models are developed by Friedemann Schulz von Thun and fall both under the category ''Factors influencing communication – personal characteristics of the participants''. The models complement each other at explaining how personal traits impact communication and have proven themselves especially useful for the perception and diagnosis of interpersonal processes, while at the same time giving an impulse for personal development. <ref name="Kommunikationspsychologie">F. Schulz von Thun, J. Ruppel and R. Stratmann, Miteinander reden: Kommunikationspsychologie für Führungskräfte, Reinbek bei Hamburg: Rowohlt Verlag, 2017</ref>

Sarah Naegele: /* What is communication */

2022-03-07T19:30:37Z

What is communication

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:30, 7 March 2022
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	In order to communicate well it is necessary to understand the behavior, the feelings and the reactions of the other person in different situations. People with a higher emotional intelligence can react better to these soft dimensions of interpersonal contact. Seven interpersonal factors affect face-to-face communication the most: Verbal communication, body language, clothing, color, proxemics, active listening, and reflection. Verbal communication and body language were identified as the most influenced factors because both are impacted by the other five factors which influence the tone of speech and the physical reaction (for example posture). <ref name="Shakeri" />		In order to communicate well it is necessary to understand the behavior, the feelings and the reactions of the other person in different situations. People with a higher emotional intelligence can react better to these soft dimensions of interpersonal contact. Seven interpersonal factors affect face-to-face communication the most: Verbal communication, body language, clothing, color, proxemics, active listening, and reflection. Verbal communication and body language were identified as the most influenced factors because both are impacted by the other five factors which influence the tone of speech and the physical reaction (for example posture). <ref name="Shakeri" />

	== What is communication ==		== What is communication? ==

	Even though we communicate every day, views on what exactly communication entails differ [<ref name="Röhner" /> p. 1]. In this context communication is defined as a message that is sent between a sender and a receiver and includes verbal and non-verbal aspects. No matter the communication device, at both ends are human beings who have needs, feelings, sensitivities, and fears, which have an impact on the way they send and receive messages [<ref name="Zoller" /> p. 35]. In contrast to machines communicating with each other with predictable inputs and outputs, the human aspect makes the process dynamic, complex, and not logical. The content of the message changes on the way to the receiver, some information gets lost, and new information is added. [<ref name="Zoller" /> p. 128]		Even though we communicate every day, views on what exactly communication entails differ [<ref name="Röhner" /> p. 1]. In this context communication is defined as a message that is sent between a sender and a receiver and includes verbal and non-verbal aspects. No matter the communication device, at both ends are human beings who have needs, feelings, sensitivities, and fears, which have an impact on the way they send and receive messages [<ref name="Zoller" /> p. 35]. In contrast to machines communicating with each other with predictable inputs and outputs, the human aspect makes the process dynamic, complex, and not logical. The content of the message changes on the way to the receiver, some information gets lost, and new information is added. [<ref name="Zoller" /> p. 128]

Sarah Naegele: /* Abstract */

2022-03-06T14:54:24Z

Abstract

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:54, 6 March 2022
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	A critical success factor of Project, Program and Portfolio management is the communication with stakeholder. Effective communication is proven to have an integral role in the success of projects whereas verbal communication and body language are identified as the most influencing factors. <ref name="Shakeri">H. Shakeri, M. Khalilzadeh, S. Raslanas and E. K. Zavadskas, „What do project managers need to know to succeed in face-to-face communication?,“ Economic Research-Ekonomska Istraživanja, Bd. 34, Nr. 1, pp. 1094-1120, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1080/1331677X.2020.1819851. </ref> Verbal and non-verbal communication always include a sender and a receiver who exchange messages. This dynamic is complex and not a logical process. Content of the message changes on the way to the receiver, some information is lost, and new information is added. Communications psychology can support one in communicating in such a way that our message comes across the way we meant it. [<ref name="Zoller">K. Zoller and P. Nussbaumer, Persönlichkeitsbewusste Mitarbeiterführung: Den eigenen Führungsstil reflektieren und erfolgreich weiterentwickeln, Hamburg, Zürich: Springer Gabler, 2019</ref> p. 128]		A critical success factor of Project, Program and Portfolio management is the communication with stakeholder. Effective communication is proven to have an integral role in the success of projects whereas verbal communication and body language are identified as the most influencing factors. <ref name="Shakeri">H. Shakeri, M. Khalilzadeh, S. Raslanas and E. K. Zavadskas, „What do project managers need to know to succeed in face-to-face communication?,“ Economic Research-Ekonomska Istraživanja, Bd. 34, Nr. 1, pp. 1094-1120, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1080/1331677X.2020.1819851. </ref> Verbal and non-verbal communication always include a sender and a receiver who exchange messages. This dynamic is complex and not a logical process. Content of the message changes on the way to the receiver, some information is lost, and new information is added. Communications psychology can support one in communicating in such a way that our message comes across the way we meant it. [<ref name="Zoller">K. Zoller and P. Nussbaumer, Persönlichkeitsbewusste Mitarbeiterführung: Den eigenen Führungsstil reflektieren und erfolgreich weiterentwickeln, Hamburg, Zürich: Springer Gabler, 2019</ref> p. 128]

	This work aims at explaining how personal traits impact communication and give a more psychological approach to effective communication. Two models will be introduced. The first provides a tool with which one can critically review one's own communication behavior: the communication square. The second is a tool to reflect one’s personality to identify how it potentially impacts one’s behavior while communicating. <ref name="Zoller" />, [<ref name="Röhner">J. Röhner and A. Schütz, Psychologie der Kommunikation, Osnabrück: Springer, 2020 </ref> p. 31]		This work aims at explaining how personal traits impact communication and give a more psychological approach to effective communication. Two models will be introduced. The first provides a tool with which one can critically review one's own communication behavior: the communication square. The second is a tool to reflect one’s personality to identify how it potentially impacts one’s behavior while communicating. [<ref name="Zoller" />, <ref name="Röhner">J. Röhner and A. Schütz, Psychologie der Kommunikation, Osnabrück: Springer, 2020 </ref> p. 31]

	These models are not a quick fix for how to effectively communicate. They represent a starting point for a person to start working on themselves to understand their own actions and reactions in order to get better over time at effectively communicating.		These models are not a quick fix for how to effectively communicate. They represent a starting point for a person to start working on themselves to understand their own actions and reactions in order to get better over time at effectively communicating.

Sarah Naegele: /* Application – Getting to know your inner Team */

2022-03-03T14:09:53Z

Application – Getting to know your inner Team

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:09, 3 March 2022
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	The here found solution is meant to give a point of reference to give an idea of what ones’ ideal solution would be. Maybe one could even identify that a team member is missing in ones’ inner team and can try to integrate it in similar situations in the future. The goal of the model is to become aware of the inner structures and thereby to strengthen the inner team building. [<ref name="Zoller" /> p. 82] The book “Miteinander reden 3” gives further explanations on how using the model of the inner team can help to better ones’ skills of situation- and role-appropriate communication. <ref name="Miteinander Reden 3" />		The here found solution is meant to give a point of reference to give an idea of what ones’ ideal solution would be. Maybe one could even identify that a team member is missing in ones’ inner team and can try to integrate it in similar situations in the future. The goal of the model is to become aware of the inner structures and thereby to strengthen the inner team building. [<ref name="Zoller" /> p. 82] The book “Miteinander reden 3” gives further explanations on how using the model of the inner team can help to better ones’ skills of situation- and role-appropriate communication. <ref name="Miteinander Reden 3" />

	[[File:Inner Team.jpg]]		[[File:Inner Team.jpg\|\|center\|thumb\|1000px\|Figure 4: The inner team (own illustration based on [<ref name="Zoller" /> p. 76]) ]]

	Figure 4: The inner team (own illustration based on [<ref name="Zoller" /> p. 76])

	== Limitations ==		== Limitations ==

Sarah Naegele: /* The communication square according to Friedemann Schulz von Thun */

2022-03-03T14:09:08Z

The communication square according to Friedemann Schulz von Thun

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:09, 3 March 2022
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	Example: I want you to finish the report by 7. / You should ask John about it.		Example: I want you to finish the report by 7. / You should ask John about it.

			[[File:Communication square.png‎\|\|center\|thumb\|1000px\|Figure 2: The communication square according to Friedemann Schulz von Thun (own illustration based on [<ref name="Kommunikationspsychologie" /> p. 34]) ]]
	[[File:Communication square.png‎]]

	Figure 2: The communication square according to Friedemann Schulz von Thun (own illustration based on [<ref name="Kommunikationspsychologie" /> p. 34])


	The receiver has, concurrent to the four sending sides, also four receiving sides based on his four ears. This means not only the sender sends four messages, also the receiver interprets the message on four sides, you could say he has four ears: [<ref name="Miteinander Reden 1">F. Schulz von Thun, Miteinander reden 1: Störungen und Klärungen: Allgemeine Psychologie der Kommunikation, Reinbek bei Hamburg: Rowohlt, 1996</ref> pp. 51-64]		The receiver has, concurrent to the four sending sides, also four receiving sides based on his four ears. This means not only the sender sends four messages, also the receiver interprets the message on four sides, you could say he has four ears: [<ref name="Miteinander Reden 1">F. Schulz von Thun, Miteinander reden 1: Störungen und Klärungen: Allgemeine Psychologie der Kommunikation, Reinbek bei Hamburg: Rowohlt, 1996</ref> pp. 51-64]
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	Try to observe your behavior and figure out which ones of your ears are especially sensitive. Most people have one or two ears that are especially pronounced. To identify them, you should understand the characteristics of the ears (see Figure 3), so when observing your behavior you can match it to the right ears. In general, men tend to use the factual side most prominently. Once you identified them you can start to actively train the other ears to listen more on those sides. Over time one starts to automatically hear all messages and gets more control of which side they want to react to. [<ref name="Zoller" /> p. 137]		Try to observe your behavior and figure out which ones of your ears are especially sensitive. Most people have one or two ears that are especially pronounced. To identify them, you should understand the characteristics of the ears (see Figure 3), so when observing your behavior you can match it to the right ears. In general, men tend to use the factual side most prominently. Once you identified them you can start to actively train the other ears to listen more on those sides. Over time one starts to automatically hear all messages and gets more control of which side they want to react to. [<ref name="Zoller" /> p. 137]

			[[File:Four_ears.png‎\|\|center\|thumb\|1000px\|Figure 3: Characteristics of the four receiving ears [<ref name="Miteinander Reden 1" /> pp. 47-60] (own illustration) ]]
	[[File:Four_ears.png‎]]

	Figure 3: Characteristics of the four receiving ears [<ref name="Miteinander Reden 1" /> pp. 47-60] (own illustration)


	Being aware of the communication square is one step towards better communication. There is a lot more a person, especially a manager, can learn from it though. The quoted books are good sources to study more on the topic. Special attention should be paid to the self-reflection side. Every time we communicate, we reveal a part of ourselves, wether we want to or not. To better understand this side the inner team is a good starting point, it does not cover the whole span of impact though. <ref name="Zoller" /> <ref name="Röhner" /> <ref name="Kommunikationspsychologie" /> <ref name="Miteinander Reden 1" /> <ref name="Miteinander Reden 3">F. Schulz von Thun, Miteinander reden 3: Das 'Innere Team' und situationsgerechte Kommunikation, Reinbek bei Hamburg: Rowohlt, 1998</ref>		Being aware of the communication square is one step towards better communication. There is a lot more a person, especially a manager, can learn from it though. The quoted books are good sources to study more on the topic. Special attention should be paid to the self-reflection side. Every time we communicate, we reveal a part of ourselves, wether we want to or not. To better understand this side the inner team is a good starting point, it does not cover the whole span of impact though. <ref name="Zoller" /> <ref name="Röhner" /> <ref name="Kommunikationspsychologie" /> <ref name="Miteinander Reden 1" /> <ref name="Miteinander Reden 3">F. Schulz von Thun, Miteinander reden 3: Das 'Innere Team' und situationsgerechte Kommunikation, Reinbek bei Hamburg: Rowohlt, 1998</ref>